新報告強調，高昂的數據發布成本可能會阻礙比特幣匯總的長期可行性

Layer-2 解決方案旨在透過處理主鏈外的交易來增強比特幣區塊鏈的可擴展性和速度。

Bitcoin Layer-2 (L2) solutions have recently seen a surge in interest within the crypto community. However, a new report highlights potential challenges regarding their long-term viability.

最近，加密社群對比特幣第 2 層 (L2) 解決方案的興趣激增。然而，一份新報告強調了其長期生存能力的潛在挑戰。

Layer-2 solutions aim to enhance the Bitcoin blockchain’s scalability and speed by processing transactions off the main chain. But these solutions might encounter issues related to high data posting costs.

Layer-2 解決方案旨在透過處理主鏈外的交易來增強比特幣區塊鏈的可擴展性和速度。但這些解決方案可能會遇到與高數據發布成本相關的問題。

Highlighting Bitcoin Rollups’ Potential Challenges

強調比特幣匯總的潛在挑戰

Galaxy Research points out that Bitcoin rollups, which rely on Bitcoin for data availability, may face difficulties due to high data posting costs. The limited 4MB blockspace on the Bitcoin network creates a scarcity that could impact these solutions.

Galaxy Research 指出，依賴比特幣提供資料可用性的比特幣匯總可能會因高昂的資料發布成本而面臨困難。比特幣網路上有限的 4MB 區塊空間造成了稀缺性，可能會影響這些解決方案。

Rollups typically need to post ZK-Proof outputs and state differences every 6-8 blocks. Each transaction can use up to 400KB (0.4MB) of blockspace, which could potentially consume 10% of a full block. This high usage might lead to substantial costs if rollups utilize the entire 4MB.

Rollups 通常需要每 6-8 個區塊發布 ZK-Proof 輸出並聲明差異。每個交易最多可以使用 400KB (0.4MB) 的區塊空間，這可能會消耗整個區塊的 10%。如果匯總使用整個 4MB，那麼這種高使用率可能會導致巨大的成本。

For instance, Galaxy Digital notes that the Taproot Wizards team’s first 4MB Bitcoin transaction (block 774,628) incurred a fee of $147,000. So, for these activities to be sustainable, the L2 solutions must generate significant revenue from transaction fees. But a higher revenue requirement could increase transaction fees, rendering them unaffordable for some users.

例如，Galaxy Digital 指出 Taproot Wizards 團隊的第一筆 4MB 比特幣交易（區塊 774,628）產生了 147,000 美元的費用。因此，為了使這些活動可持續發展，L2 解決方案必須從交易費用中產生大量收入。但更高的收入要求可能會增加交易費用，使某些用戶無法負擔。

Alex Thorn, head of research at Galaxy Research, explained that competition for Bitcoin blockspace might drive up Layer-1 (L1) transaction fees, impacting all users, including rollups. He furthered that a rollup posting its data to Bitcoin directly could be spending an average of $27.6 million annually or more.

Galaxy Research 研究主管 Alex Thorn 解釋說，比特幣區塊空間的競爭可能會推高第 1 層 (L1) 交易費用，影響所有用戶，包括匯總用戶。他進一步表示，直接將數據發佈到比特幣的 Rollup 每年平均花費 2,760 萬美元或更多。

“Our research suggests there are 65 such projects currently in development, but both blockspace & fee markets make it impossible for them all to launch. Only the strongest [will] survive,” Thorn stated.

「我們的研究表明，目前有 65 個此類項目正在開發中，但區塊空間和費用市場使得它們不可能全部啟動。只有最強者才能生存，」索恩說。

Read more: A Beginner’s Guide to Layer-2 Scaling Solutions

閱讀更多內容：第 2 層擴充解決方案初學者指南

Considering this, Galaxy Digital predicts that Bitcoin rollups might seek partnerships with Bitcoin miners for guaranteed block inclusion or use fee rate derivatives and alternative mining deals to manage volatile fee spikes. Some Bitcoin L2s could explore Layer-3 environments for transaction execution and combine L2s with Bitcoin L1 for data availability.

考慮到這一點，Galaxy Digital 預測比特幣匯總可能會尋求與比特幣礦工合作，以確保區塊包含或使用費率衍生性商品和替代挖礦交易來管理波動性的費用飆升。一些比特幣 L2 可以探索第 3 層環境來執行交易，並將 L2 與比特幣 L1 結合以實現數據可用性。

On the other hand, Alexei Zamyatin, co-founder of Build on Bob, expressed disagreement with the concerns raised. He argues that rollups might avoid these issues by using Optimistic Rollups, which could offer a more scalable solution with less frequent data posting on the main chain.

另一方面，Build on Bob 聯合創辦人 Alexei Zamyatin 對所提出的擔憂表示不同意。他認為，rollups 可以透過使用 Optimistic Rollups 來避免這些問題，這可以提供一個更具可擴展性的解決方案，並且主鏈上的資料發布頻率較低。

“Bitcoin rollups will likely have to use optimistic verification. Posting data to L1 is great but it’s a vanity metric if this explodes costs,” Zamyatin asserted.

「比特幣匯總可能必須使用樂觀驗證。將數據發佈到 L1 很棒，但如果這會導致成本爆炸，那麼這就是一個虛榮指標。

Read more: Layer-2 Crypto Projects for 2024: The Top Picks

了解更多：2024 年 Layer-2 加密項目：首選

Despite these concerns, the popularity of Bitcoin L2s continues to rise. In the second quarter of 2024 alone, Bitcoin L2s collectively raised $94.6 million.

儘管有這些擔憂，比特幣 L2 的受歡迎程度仍在持續上升。光是 2024 年第二季度，比特幣 L2 就總共籌集了 9,460 萬美元。