新报告强调，高昂的数据发布成本可能会阻碍比特币汇总的长期可行性

Layer-2 解决方案旨在通过处理主链外的交易来增强比特币区块链的可扩展性和速度。

Bitcoin Layer-2 (L2) solutions have recently seen a surge in interest within the crypto community. However, a new report highlights potential challenges regarding their long-term viability.

最近，加密社区对比特币第 2 层 (L2) 解决方案的兴趣激增。然而，一份新报告强调了其长期生存能力的潜在挑战。

Layer-2 solutions aim to enhance the Bitcoin blockchain’s scalability and speed by processing transactions off the main chain. But these solutions might encounter issues related to high data posting costs.

Layer-2 解决方案旨在通过处理主链外的交易来增强比特币区块链的可扩展性和速度。但这些解决方案可能会遇到与高数据发布成本相关的问题。

Highlighting Bitcoin Rollups’ Potential Challenges

强调比特币汇总的潜在挑战

Galaxy Research points out that Bitcoin rollups, which rely on Bitcoin for data availability, may face difficulties due to high data posting costs. The limited 4MB blockspace on the Bitcoin network creates a scarcity that could impact these solutions.

Galaxy Research 指出，依赖比特币提供数据可用性的比特币汇总可能会因高昂的数据发布成本而面临困难。比特币网络上有限的 4MB 区块空间造成了稀缺性，可能会影响这些解决方案。

Rollups typically need to post ZK-Proof outputs and state differences every 6-8 blocks. Each transaction can use up to 400KB (0.4MB) of blockspace, which could potentially consume 10% of a full block. This high usage might lead to substantial costs if rollups utilize the entire 4MB.

Rollups 通常需要每 6-8 个区块发布 ZK-Proof 输出并声明差异。每个交易最多可以使用 400KB (0.4MB) 的块空间，这可能会消耗整个块的 10%。如果汇总使用整个 4MB，那么这种高使用率可能会导致巨大的成本。

For instance, Galaxy Digital notes that the Taproot Wizards team’s first 4MB Bitcoin transaction (block 774,628) incurred a fee of $147,000. So, for these activities to be sustainable, the L2 solutions must generate significant revenue from transaction fees. But a higher revenue requirement could increase transaction fees, rendering them unaffordable for some users.

例如，Galaxy Digital 指出 Taproot Wizards 团队的第一笔 4MB 比特币交易（区块 774,628）产生了 147,000 美元的费用。因此，为了使这些活动可持续发展，L2 解决方案必须从交易费用中产生大量收入。但更高的收入要求可能会增加交易费用，使某些用户无法承担。

Alex Thorn, head of research at Galaxy Research, explained that competition for Bitcoin blockspace might drive up Layer-1 (L1) transaction fees, impacting all users, including rollups. He furthered that a rollup posting its data to Bitcoin directly could be spending an average of $27.6 million annually or more.

Galaxy Research 研究主管 Alex Thorn 解释说，比特币区块空间的竞争可能会推高第 1 层 (L1) 交易费用，影响所有用户，包括汇总用户。他进一步表示，直接将数据发布到比特币的 Rollup 每年平均花费 2760 万美元或更多。

“Our research suggests there are 65 such projects currently in development, but both blockspace & fee markets make it impossible for them all to launch. Only the strongest [will] survive,” Thorn stated.

“我们的研究表明，目前有 65 个此类项目正在开发中，但区块空间和费用市场使得它们不可能全部启动。只有最强者才能生存，”索恩说道。

Read more: A Beginner’s Guide to Layer-2 Scaling Solutions

阅读更多内容：第 2 层扩展解决方案初学者指南

Considering this, Galaxy Digital predicts that Bitcoin rollups might seek partnerships with Bitcoin miners for guaranteed block inclusion or use fee rate derivatives and alternative mining deals to manage volatile fee spikes. Some Bitcoin L2s could explore Layer-3 environments for transaction execution and combine L2s with Bitcoin L1 for data availability.

考虑到这一点，Galaxy Digital 预测比特币汇总可能会寻求与比特币矿工合作，以保证区块包含或使用费率衍生品和替代挖矿交易来管理波动性的费用飙升。一些比特币 L2 可以探索第 3 层环境来执行交易，并将 L2 与比特币 L1 结合起来以实现数据可用性。

On the other hand, Alexei Zamyatin, co-founder of Build on Bob, expressed disagreement with the concerns raised. He argues that rollups might avoid these issues by using Optimistic Rollups, which could offer a more scalable solution with less frequent data posting on the main chain.

另一方面，Build on Bob 联合创始人 Alexei Zamyatin 对所提出的担忧表示不同意。他认为，rollups 可以通过使用 Optimistic Rollups 来避免这些问题，这可以提供一个更具可扩展性的解决方案，并且主链上的数据发布频率较低。

“Bitcoin rollups will likely have to use optimistic verification. Posting data to L1 is great but it’s a vanity metric if this explodes costs,” Zamyatin asserted.

“比特币汇总可能必须使用乐观验证。将数据发布到 L1 很棒，但如果这会导致成本爆炸，那么这就是一个虚荣指标。”Zamyatin 断言。

Read more: Layer-2 Crypto Projects for 2024: The Top Picks

了解更多：2024 年 Layer-2 加密项目：首选

Despite these concerns, the popularity of Bitcoin L2s continues to rise. In the second quarter of 2024 alone, Bitcoin L2s collectively raised $94.6 million.

尽管存在这些担忧，比特币 L2 的受欢迎程度仍在持续上升。仅 2024 年第二季度，比特币 L2 就总共筹集了 9460 万美元。