加密已經在第2層（L2）解決方案上投注了幾年

這種固定構成了匯總，橋樑和零散的流動性網絡，威脅著區塊鏈的權力下放和安全性的核心原則。

Layer-2 (L2) solutions have been touted as a magic bullet for fixing issues with scalability in crypto. However, while they may fill the gaps at the individual level, as a movement, L2 solutions have put crypto at risk of losing all three.

第2層（L2）解決方案已被吹捧為用於固定加密性可擴展性問題的魔術子彈。但是，儘管它們可能會填補單個級別的空白，但作為運動，L2解決方案使加密貨幣面臨失去這三個的風險。

The growing mass of L2s has led to a highly fractured ecosystem that is difficult to navigate and relies on complex rollups and bridging solutions. This has led to part of the ecosystem centralizing, drawing assets into fragmented liquidity silos, hindering security and stifling competition for smaller projects. These “solutions” have also introduced large-scale friction and brought unnecessary security risks.

L2s的質量不斷增長，導致了一個高度骨折的生態系統，該系統難以導航，並且依賴複雜的匯總和橋接解決方案。這導致了一部分生態系統集中化，將資產納入零散的流動性孤島，阻礙安全性和扼殺較小項目的競爭。這些“解決方案”還引入了大規模摩擦，並帶來了不必要的安全風險。

Many L2s’ reliance on sequencers or trusted validators creates additional cracks in the armor, single points of failure, while siloed liquidity reduces validator availability for smaller L2s, threatening network resilience. These solutions also leave an immense technical challenge for developers building applications hoping to integrate with L2s, requiring in-depth and specific knowledge of the mechanics of each L2 the application may need to touch.

許多L2S對音序器或受信任驗證器的依賴在裝甲中產生了其他裂縫，單個失敗點，而孤立的流動性降低了較小的L2S的驗證器可用性，從而威脅了網絡彈性。這些解決方案還為建立希望與L2集成的開發人員構建了巨大的技術挑戰，需要對每個L2的力學進行深入和具體的了解，該應用程序可能需要觸摸。

L2 proponents argue that these trade-offs are necessary and easily overcome, but there are even more fundamental issues here than sacrificing security, scalability or liquidity.

L2支持者認為，這些權衡是必要的，很容易克服的，但是與犧牲安全性，可伸縮性或流動性相比，這裡還有更多的根本問題。

Crypto’s endgame is a universal network where any asset or decentralized application can instantly interact with any other in a trustless, secure way. The friction that L2s introduce, however, sabotages this instant interoperability, while the centralization of sequencers and validators undermines the fundamentals of a trustless system. It is not just that this stymies scalability in decentralized finance (DeFi), but rather that it leads toward scaling something completely different, recreating the inefficiencies of the existing siloed, fragmented and middle-man-infested TradFi system. If the goal of DeFi is to move all financial activity onchain, it is imperative to do better than what we already have.

Crypto的最後遊戲是一個通用網絡，任何資產或分散應用程序都可以以無信任，安全的方式與任何其他人進行交互。但是，L2S引入的摩擦破壞了這種即時互操作性，而音序者和驗證者的集中化則破壞了無信任系統的基本面。不僅在分散融資（DEFI）中，這種阻礙性可擴展性，而且還導致了完全不同的東西，從而重現現有的孤立，零散和中間人飲食的tradfi系統的效率低下。如果Defi的目標是將所有財務活動Onchain移動，那麼必須比我們已經擁有的更好。

Crypto needs to build from the foundations up. Instead of outsourcing scalability and security, blockchain networks must prioritize them at layer 1. Sharding offers a clear path forward, but the industry must set higher goals and build a long-term solution rather than just a quick fix to “band-aid” the immediate scalability problem of the day. It is not just about increasing the shard count; it is how we shard. The Beacon Chain just adds a bottleneck, and dynamic sharding is complicated, limiting scalability with massive overheads. Even intra-validator sharding seems to solve all of these problems until you reach resource saturation on the network-facing node, which has to ingest all transactions, simply kicking the can down the road in search of more validators and diminishing returns.

加密需要從基礎上建立。區塊鍊網絡必須在第1層中優先考慮區塊鍊網絡，而不是外包的可伸縮性和安全性。碎片提供了一個明確的前進道路，但是行業必須設定更高的目標並建立長期解決方案，而不僅僅是快速修復了當天的即時可擴展性問題。這不只是增加碎片數；這就是我們的碎片。信標鏈只是增加了瓶頸，動態碎片很複雜，限制了可擴展性，並具有巨大的開銷。即使是內部越野碎片似乎也可以解決所有這些問題，直到您在面向網絡的節點上達到資源飽和（必須攝取所有交易），只需將罐頭踢到道路上即可尋找更多驗證者並減少回報。

The obvious solution for scaling DeFi to the same capabilities as TradFi is state sharding, which is the state of the blockchain distributed across many different shards. Transactions that involve states from different shards create a temporary consensus process. The validators responsible for the transaction state communicate, agree (or not), and update the state atomically in all relevant shards. This allows transactions to be processed in parallel across multiple shards and even within shards themselves, leaving a shard’s only concern that the transactions modifying the state for which they are responsible do not have intersecting dependencies, significantly increasing throughput without compromising decentralization or accessibility.

將縮放範圍擴展到與TradFI相同功能的明顯解決方案是狀態碎片，這是分佈在許多不同碎片上的區塊鏈的狀態。涉及不同碎片狀態的交易創造了暫時的共識過程。負責交易狀態的驗證者在所有相關碎片中進行了交流，同意（或不同意）並在原子上更新狀態。這允許交易在多個碎片之間以及甚至在碎片本身內並行處理，這唯一擔心的是，交易修改其負責的狀態沒有相互依賴的依賴性，從而顯著增加吞吐量而不會損害分散性或可訪問性。

When these shards are integrated with atomic commitment, if any part of the transaction fails, everything aborts cleanly, and there’s no work needed to untangle hanging state changes.

當這些碎片與原子的承諾集成在一起時，如果交易的任何部分失敗，一切都乾淨地流產，並且沒有工作來解開懸掛狀態的變化。

This is just one solution. DeFi will scale to onboard the planet. It is just a question of how soon and by what means. That said, solutions that focus on the fundamentals of L1 development rather than relying on a patchwork of L2s will eliminate fragmentation, reduce complexity, and ensure scalability and accessibility are again at the heart of blockchain networks. It comes down to the future that developers want to prioritize — tokenomics or the founding promises of Web3 — decentralization, efficiency and security.

這只是一個解決方案。 DEFI將擴展到船上。這只是一個問題，即多久和付出了什麼手段。也就是說，專注於L1開發基本面而不是依靠L2拼湊的解決方案將消除分散性，降低複雜性並確保可伸縮性和可訪問性再次成為區塊鍊網絡的核心。這取決於開發人員希望優先考慮的未來 - 令牌或Web3的創始承諾 - 權力下放，效率和安全性。

L1 solutions are solutions for everybody. They secure the very foundation of the ecosystem for developers, traders, general users and even several billion prospective users. Without resilient and scalable architecture in the foundations, one strong push is all it will take to cause this house of cards to collapse. Of course, specific use cases might be better with L2 solutions. A high-frequency trade settlement is a perfect example, but exceptions never prove the rule. From a whole-ecosystem perspective, developers must focus on integrated, native scalability solutions instead of just adding complexity and balancing more precarious “solutions” on top. Without adequately attending to the L1, nothing but problems await.

L1解決方案是每個人的解決方案。他們為開發人員，貿易商，普通用戶甚至準潛在用戶確保了生態系統的基礎。在基礎中，如果沒有彈性和可擴展的架構，那麼將需要一項強大的推動力才能使這位紙牌屋倒塌。當然，使用L2解決方案可能會更好。高頻貿易和解是一個完美的例子，但是例外永遠不會證明規則。從整個生態系統的角度來看，開發人員必須專注於集成的本地可擴展性解決方案，而不僅僅是在頂部添加複雜性並平衡更加不穩定的“解決方案”。沒有充分參加L1，只有問題等待。