破壞RSA加密所需的量子資源比以前想像的要少得多

該小組發現，破裂的2048位RSA可能使用不到一百萬個嘈雜的量子比，比以前估計少20倍。

Google researchers have made a surprising discovery concerning the quantum resources needed to break RSA encryption, commonly used in crypto wallets.

Google研究人員對破壞RSA加密所需的量子資源進行了驚人的發現，該資源通常用於加密錢包。

Their findings, which are still preprint and have not yet been peer-reviewed, indicate that breaking 2048-bit RSA could take less than a week using fewer than a million noisy qubits—20 times less than previously thought.

他們的發現仍然是預印本，尚未經過同行評審，這表明，破壞2048位RSA可能需要不到一周的噪聲量不到一周的時間，比以前想像的少20倍。

For context, current quantum computers, like IBM's Condor and Google's Sycamore, have far fewer qubits, rendering crypto assets safe at present. However, considering the rapid pace of improvement in quantum computing capabilities, this poses a concern that demands attention.

在上下文中，當前的量子計算機（例如IBM的禿鷹和Google的無菌計算機）的量子較少，目前使加密貨幣資產安全。但是，考慮到量子計算功能的快速改善速度，這引起了人們的關注。

The researchers achieved this breakthrough by devising novel algorithms that speed up key calculations and implementing smarter error correction methods. They were also able to enhance "magic state cultivation," a technique that optimizes quantum operation efficiency by minimizing resource waste.

研究人員通過設計新穎的算法來加快關鍵計算並實施更明智的誤差校正方法，從而實現了這一突破。他們還能夠增強“魔術狀態培養”，該技術通過最大程度地減少資源浪費來優化量子操作效率。

It's interesting to note that Bitcoin, in particular, does not use RSA but rather elliptic curve cryptography, which is similar in principle. If quantum computers can break RSA sooner than expected, it could shorten the timeline for Bitcoin's security to be compromised.

有趣的是，尤其是比特幣不是使用RSA，而是使用橢圓曲線密碼學，這在原則上是相似的。如果量子計算機可能比預期的要早，它可能會縮短時間表，以使比特幣的安全性受到損害。

It seems likely that the first quantum-resistant blockchain upgrades will arrive well before any quantum attack on Bitcoin's network.

在比特幣網絡上的任何量子攻擊之前，首次抗量子的區塊鏈升級似乎可能會到達。

In fact, efforts like Project 11's quantum Bitcoin bounty are ongoing to test this threat and researchers are working hard to try to break Bitcoin.

實際上，諸如Project 11的量子比特幣賞金之類的努力正在進行測試這一威脅，研究人員正在努力努力打破比特幣。

The threat posed by quantum computers extends beyond crypto, impacting global secure communications, banking, and digital signatures. In anticipation of this shift, Google has already begun encrypting more traffic with quantum-resistant protocols.

量子計算機構成的威脅範圍超出了加密貨幣，影響了全球安全的通信，銀行業和數字簽名。為了期待這一轉變，Google已經開始使用抗量子的協議來加密更多的流量。

Despite the significant progress, it's important to highlight the remaining challenges. Quantum computers need to maintain stability and coherence for extended periods to carry out complicated operations, which is a major hurdle at present.

儘管取得了重大進展，但重要的是要突出其餘的挑戰。量子計算機需要長時間保持穩定性和連貫性才能進行複雜的操作，這是目前的主要障礙。

This means that there is no immediate threat to Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies.

這意味著對比特幣或其他加密貨幣沒有立即威脅。

Overall, while the possibility of quantum computers breaking Bitcoin is a topic of interest and speculation, it's essential to stay informed about the latest developments in quantum computing and their implications for cryptocurrency security.

總體而言，雖然量子計算機破壞比特幣的可能性是一個令人感興趣的話題和猜測的話題，但必須了解量子計算的最新發展及其對加密貨幣安全性的影響。