Robin Linus 推出“BitVM2”，比特幣的可程式性更接近現實

去年 10 月，「BitVM」範式的發布激發了一系列旨在建構由 BitVM 保護的第 2 層網路和協定的專案。

Bitcoin developer Robin Linus has published the second version of his "BitVM" paradigm, which aims to make the oldest blockchain more programmable without altering its code.

比特幣開發者 Robin Linus 發布了他的「BitVM」範式的第二個版本，旨在使最古老的區塊鏈在不改變其程式碼的情況下變得更加可編程。

The latest version, dubbed "BitVM2," boasts several critical improvements over its predecessor, including increased efficiency and the ability for anyone to challenge suspicious transactions.

被稱為「BitVM2」的最新版本比其前身擁有多項關鍵改進，包括提高效率以及任何人都可以質疑可疑交易。

Linus's initial proposal last year sparked a wave of projects seeking to build layer-2 networks and protocols secured by the largest and oldest blockchain.

Linus 去年的初步提議引發了一系列項目，尋求建立由最大、最古老的區塊鏈保護的第 2 層網路和協議。

A group of researchers led by Linus published the latest version of the BitVM paradigm on Thursday, proposing a more efficient and flexible way to execute programs on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Linus 領導的一組研究人員週四發布了最新版本的 BitVM 範式，提出了一種更有效率、更靈活的方式來在比特幣區塊鏈上執行程式。

The basic setup involves using cryptography to compress programs into sub-programs that can then be executed within Bitcoin transactions, according to a white paper published Thursday by Linus along with five co-authors. The programs are then "verified" – basically making sure nobody is trying to cheat or steal – in three on-chain transactions.

根據 Linus 與五位合著者週四發布的一份白皮書，基本設定涉及使用密碼學將程式壓縮為子程序，然後可以在比特幣交易中執行這些子程序。然後，這些程序在三個鏈上交易中進行「驗證」——基本上確保沒有人試圖作弊或盜竊。

In the previous version, the verification could take upwards of 70 transactions, according to one of the co-founders, who separately works for a project called BOB, short for Build on Bitcoin.

一位聯合創始人表示，在先前的版本中，驗證可能需要超過 70 筆交易，該聯合創始人分別為一個名為 BOB（Build on Bitcoin 的縮寫）的專案工作。

Another key improvement of the new version is that anyone can call into question a suspicious transaction, in a feature known as "permissionless challenging." In the original BitVM, which was published last October but never really put into any practical implementation, only a fixed set of operators could initiate challenges.

新版本的另一個關鍵改進是任何人都可以質疑可疑交易，這項功能被稱為「無許可挑戰」。在去年 10 月發布但從未真正投入實際實施的原始 BitVM 中，只有一組固定的操作者可以發起挑戰。

"This design gives us these major improvements," Zamyatin said in a video interview with CoinDesk. "We now have a full and comprehensive writeup of the BitVM paradigm."

「這個設計為我們帶來了這些重大改進，」扎米亞京在接受 CoinDesk 的視訊採訪時說道。 “我們現在已經有了關於 BitVM 範例的完整且全面的文章。”

Linus is a core contributor at ZeroSync Association, a Swiss non-profit organization based in the canton of Zug. The other co-authors besides Zamyatin included Lukas Aumayr, Andrea Pelosi, Zeta Avarikioti and Matteo Maffei.

Linus 是 ZeroSync 協會的核心貢獻者，ZeroSync 協會是一家位於楚格州的瑞士非營利組織。除了 Zamyatin 之外，其他合著者還包括 Lukas Aumayr、Andrea Pelosi、Zeta Avarikioti 和 Matteo Maffei。

Linus's project has been hailed as a breakthrough partly because it doesn't require any changes to the underlying Bitcoin code. That's crucial since Bitcoin is, more so than most subsequent blockchain projects, fully decentralized in its governance; there isn't really a guiding foundation or governing body or lead developer as there is with, say, Ethereum or Solana.

Linus 的專案被譽為一項突破，部分原因是它不需要對底層比特幣程式碼進行任何更改。這一點至關重要，因為比特幣比大多數後續區塊鏈專案在治理上完全去中心化；並不存在像以太坊或 Solana 那樣的真正的指導基金會、管理機構或首席開發人員。

Even seemingly modest proposals like the much-discussed OP_CAT have faced difficulty getting adopted by the maintainers of the Bitcoin code, since nearly total consensus has evolved to be the de facto standard for suggested updates.

即使是像備受討論的 OP_CAT 這樣看似溫和的提案，也很難被比特幣代碼的維護者採納，因為幾乎完全達成的共識已經發展成為建議更新的事實上的標準。

The initial application of BitVM2 would be to enable a "rollup" – essentially a separate auxiliary network atop Bitcoin that could handle faster and cheaper transactions, but with similar security guarantees.

BitVM2 的最初應用是實現「匯總」——本質上是比特幣之上的一個單獨的輔助網絡，可以處理更快、更便宜的交易，但具有類似的安全保證。

Just the publication of Linus's original design helped to inspire a fervor for building projects on Bitcoin; as of July, CoinDesk counted at least 83 Bitcoin layer-2 projects in the works, with a variety of setups, including rollups as well as sidechains.

僅林納斯最初設計的發布就激發了人們對比特幣構建項目的熱情；截至 7 月，CoinDesk 統計至少有 83 個比特幣第 2 層項目正在進行中，具有各種設置，包括匯總和側鏈。

The new paradigm could be used to create a blockchain "bridge" that could be used to securely transfer bitcoin (BTC) to the rollup, and later safely bring it back so the deposits could be withdrawn.

新的範式可用於創建一個區塊鏈“橋樑”，可用於將比特幣（BTC）安全地轉移到匯總中，然後安全地將其帶回，以便可以提取存款。

While Bitcoin's proof-of-work consensus mechanism – the method of confirming transactions, essentially involving data centers working nonstop to solve cryptographic puzzles, with heavy electricity consumption – has been criticized for its environmental impact, most blockchain experts agree that it is the most secure blockchain.

雖然比特幣的工作量證明共識機制（確認交易的方法，本質上涉及資料中心不間斷地工作以解決加密難題，並且消耗大量電力）因其對環境的影響而受到批評，但大多數區塊鏈專家都認為它是最安全的區塊鏈。

Such a virtue is underscored by the $1.2 trillion market value of all bitcoin outstanding – more than all other cryptocurrencies combined.

所有流通比特幣的市值為 1.2 兆美元，這一價值超過了所有其他加密貨幣的總和，凸顯了這種美德。

"Our new bridge design is simpler and more capital efficient," Linus told CoinDesk in a Telegram message. "The previous design caused liquidity issues both in terms of how much and for how long bridge operators had to lock collateral. Now, it requires less capital, which is locked for a shorter duration."

「我們的新橋樑設計更簡單，資本效率更高，」Linus 在 Telegram 訊息中告訴 CoinDesk。 “以前的設計導致了流動性問題，包括橋樑運營商必須鎖定抵押品的數量和期限。現在，它需要的資本更少，鎖定的時間也更短。”