Robin Linus 推出“BitVM2”，比特币的可编程性更接近现实

去年 10 月“BitVM”范式的发布激发了一系列旨在构建由 BitVM 保护的第 2 层网络和协议的项目。

Bitcoin developer Robin Linus has published the second version of his "BitVM" paradigm, which aims to make the oldest blockchain more programmable without altering its code.

比特币开发者 Robin Linus 发布了他的“BitVM”范式的第二个版本，旨在使最古老的区块链在不改变其代码的情况下变得更加可编程。

The latest version, dubbed "BitVM2," boasts several critical improvements over its predecessor, including increased efficiency and the ability for anyone to challenge suspicious transactions.

被称为“BitVM2”的最新版本比其前身拥有多项关键改进，包括提高效率以及任何人都可以质疑可疑交易。

Linus's initial proposal last year sparked a wave of projects seeking to build layer-2 networks and protocols secured by the largest and oldest blockchain.

Linus 去年的初步提议引发了一系列项目，寻求构建由最大、最古老的区块链保护的第 2 层网络和协议。

A group of researchers led by Linus published the latest version of the BitVM paradigm on Thursday, proposing a more efficient and flexible way to execute programs on the Bitcoin blockchain.

Linus 领导的一组研究人员周四发布了最新版本的 BitVM 范式，提出了一种更高效、更灵活的方式来在比特币区块链上执行程序。

The basic setup involves using cryptography to compress programs into sub-programs that can then be executed within Bitcoin transactions, according to a white paper published Thursday by Linus along with five co-authors. The programs are then "verified" – basically making sure nobody is trying to cheat or steal – in three on-chain transactions.

根据 Linus 与五位合著者周四发布的一份白皮书，基本设置涉及使用密码学将程序压缩为子程序，然后可以在比特币交易中执行这些子程序。然后，这些程序在三个链上交易中进行“验证”——基本上确保没有人试图作弊或盗窃。

In the previous version, the verification could take upwards of 70 transactions, according to one of the co-founders, who separately works for a project called BOB, short for Build on Bitcoin.

一位联合创始人表示，在之前的版本中，验证可能需要超过 70 笔交易，该联合创始人分别为一个名为 BOB（Build on Bitcoin 的缩写）的项目工作。

Another key improvement of the new version is that anyone can call into question a suspicious transaction, in a feature known as "permissionless challenging." In the original BitVM, which was published last October but never really put into any practical implementation, only a fixed set of operators could initiate challenges.

新版本的另一个关键改进是任何人都可以质疑可疑交易，这一功能被称为“无许可挑战”。在去年 10 月发布但从未真正投入实际实施的原始 BitVM 中，只有一组固定的操作者可以发起挑战。

"This design gives us these major improvements," Zamyatin said in a video interview with CoinDesk. "We now have a full and comprehensive writeup of the BitVM paradigm."

“这个设计给我们带来了这些重大改进，”扎米亚京在接受 CoinDesk 的视频采访时说道。 “我们现在有了关于 BitVM 范式的完整且全面的文章。”

Linus is a core contributor at ZeroSync Association, a Swiss non-profit organization based in the canton of Zug. The other co-authors besides Zamyatin included Lukas Aumayr, Andrea Pelosi, Zeta Avarikioti and Matteo Maffei.

Linus 是 ZeroSync 协会的核心贡献者，ZeroSync 协会是一家位于楚格州的瑞士非盈利组织。除 Zamyatin 之外，其他合著者还包括 Lukas Aumayr、Andrea Pelosi、Zeta Avarikioti 和 Matteo Maffei。

Linus's project has been hailed as a breakthrough partly because it doesn't require any changes to the underlying Bitcoin code. That's crucial since Bitcoin is, more so than most subsequent blockchain projects, fully decentralized in its governance; there isn't really a guiding foundation or governing body or lead developer as there is with, say, Ethereum or Solana.

Linus 的项目被誉为一项突破，部分原因是它不需要对底层比特币代码进行任何更改。这一点至关重要，因为比特币比大多数后续区块链项目在治理上完全去中心化；并不存在像以太坊或 Solana 那样的真正的指导基金会、管理机构或首席开发人员。

Even seemingly modest proposals like the much-discussed OP_CAT have faced difficulty getting adopted by the maintainers of the Bitcoin code, since nearly total consensus has evolved to be the de facto standard for suggested updates.

即使是像备受讨论的 OP_CAT 这样看似温和的提案，也很难被比特币代码的维护者采纳，因为几乎完全达成的共识已经发展成为建议更新的事实上的标准。

The initial application of BitVM2 would be to enable a "rollup" – essentially a separate auxiliary network atop Bitcoin that could handle faster and cheaper transactions, but with similar security guarantees.

BitVM2 的最初应用是实现“汇总”——本质上是比特币之上的一个单独的辅助网络，可以处理更快、更便宜的交易，但具有类似的安全保证。

Just the publication of Linus's original design helped to inspire a fervor for building projects on Bitcoin; as of July, CoinDesk counted at least 83 Bitcoin layer-2 projects in the works, with a variety of setups, including rollups as well as sidechains.

仅林纳斯最初设计的发布就激发了人们对比特币构建项目的热情；截至 7 月，CoinDesk 统计至少有 83 个比特币第 2 层项目正在进行中，具有各种设置，包括汇总和侧链。

The new paradigm could be used to create a blockchain "bridge" that could be used to securely transfer bitcoin (BTC) to the rollup, and later safely bring it back so the deposits could be withdrawn.

新的范式可用于创建一个区块链“桥梁”，可用于将比特币（BTC）安全地转移到汇总中，然后安全地将其带回，以便可以提取存款。

While Bitcoin's proof-of-work consensus mechanism – the method of confirming transactions, essentially involving data centers working nonstop to solve cryptographic puzzles, with heavy electricity consumption – has been criticized for its environmental impact, most blockchain experts agree that it is the most secure blockchain.

虽然比特币的工作量证明共识机制（确认交易的方法，本质上涉及数据中心不间断地工作以解决加密难题，并且消耗大量电力）因其对环境的影响而受到批评，但大多数区块链专家都认为它是最安全的区块链。

Such a virtue is underscored by the $1.2 trillion market value of all bitcoin outstanding – more than all other cryptocurrencies combined.

所有流通比特币的市值为 1.2 万亿美元，这一价值超过了所有其他加密货币的总和，凸显了这种美德。

"Our new bridge design is simpler and more capital efficient," Linus told CoinDesk in a Telegram message. "The previous design caused liquidity issues both in terms of how much and for how long bridge operators had to lock collateral. Now, it requires less capital, which is locked for a shorter duration."

“我们的新桥梁设计更简单，资本效率更高，”Linus 在 Telegram 消息中告诉 CoinDesk。 “以前的设计导致了流动性问题，包括桥梁运营商必须锁定抵押品的数量和期限。现在，它需要的资本更少，锁定的时间也更短。”