以太坊联合创始人拒绝复兴工作量证明的呼吁，称存在中心化风险

在以太坊社区内关于可能回归工作量证明（PoW）的讨论中，以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 断言，PoW 本质上倾向于中心化。 Buterin 强调，在 PoW 下，一小群矿池控制了以太坊网络的很大一部分，其中 Spark Pool 和 Ethermine 持有超过 50% 的算力。

Ethereum Co-Founder Vitalik Buterin Dismisses Proof-of-Work Revival, Emphasizes Centralization Risks

以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 驳斥了工作量证明的复兴，强调中心化风险

Amidst rising calls within the Ethereum community for a return to the proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanism, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has vehemently dismissed the notion, citing the inherent centralization risks associated with PoW.

在以太坊社区内要求回归工作量证明（PoW）共识机制的呼声日益高涨之际，以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 强烈驳斥了这一想法，理由是 PoW 存在固有的中心化风险。

PoW's Susceptibility to Centralization

PoW 对中心化的敏感性

Buterin's stance is based on the stark reality that under PoW, a small number of mining pools wield disproportionate control over the Ethereum network. A recent analysis revealed that a mere five major pools account for a staggering 76% of ETH mining power, with Spark Pool and Ethermine dominating the sector and collectively commanding over half of the altcoin's production.

Buterin 的立场基于这样一个严峻的现实：在 PoW 下，少数矿池对以太坊网络拥有不成比例的控制权。最近的一项分析显示，仅仅五个主要矿池就占据了 ETH 算力的 76%，其中 Spark Pool 和 Ethermine 占据了该领域的主导地位，合计占据了该山寨币一半以上的产量。

This concentration of power, Buterin argues, leaves Ethereum vulnerable to centralization, a problem that PoS aims to mitigate.

Buterin 认为，权力的集中使得以太坊容易受到中心化的影响，而 PoS 旨在缓解这一问题。

PoS: A Decentralized Future

PoS：去中心化的未来

With Ethereum's transition to proof-of-stake (PoS), Buterin believes that the temporary nature of PoW, where miners can easily shift their support to more profitable coins, allowed centralization to go largely unaddressed.

Buterin 认为，随着以太坊向权益证明 (PoS) 的过渡，PoW 的临时性质（矿工可以轻松地将支持转向利润更高的代币）使得中心化在很大程度上得不到解决。

In contrast, PoS requires validators to stake their ETH holdings, making it more costly for them to engage in malicious behavior. This creates a more decentralized network where no single entity has excessive control.

相比之下，PoS 要求验证者抵押其持有的 ETH，这使得他们参与恶意行为的成本更高。这创建了一个更加去中心化的网络，没有任何一个实体拥有过多的控制权。

Regulatory Concerns and the SEC's Allegations

监管问题和 SEC 的指控

The resurgence of PoW debates has been fueled in part by legal battles, particularly with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC's allegations that Ethereum's PoS consensus mechanism constitutes a security have cast a shadow over the cryptocurrency's regulatory landscape and delayed the launch of Ethereum ETFs.

PoW 争论的重新兴起在一定程度上是由法律斗争推动的，尤其是与美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 的法律斗争。美国证券交易委员会指控以太坊的 PoS 共识机制构成证券，这给加密货币的监管环境蒙上了阴影，并推迟了以太坊 ETF 的推出。

PoW's Regulatory Challenges vs. PoS's Favorable Outlook

PoW 的监管挑战与 PoS 的良好前景

Meanwhile, cryptocurrencies operating on PoW, such as Bitcoin, have successfully navigated regulatory hurdles to secure ETF approval. Additionally, the inclusion of Dogecoin, Litecoin, and Bitcoin Cash derivatives on leading American crypto platform Coinbase further highlights the divergence in regulatory perceptions of PoW and PoS.

与此同时，比特币等基于 PoW 运行的加密货币已成功克服监管障碍，获得 ETF 批准。此外，美国领先加密平台Coinbase纳入狗狗币、莱特币和比特币现金衍生品，进一步凸显了PoW和PoS监管认知的差异。

Buterin's Resolute Stance

Buterin的坚定立场

Buterin's unwavering defense of PoS serves as a definitive response to those yearning for the mining era. He maintains that PoW is not immune to centralization and that Ethereum's shift to PoS was a necessary step towards a more secure and decentralized future.

Buterin 对 PoS 的坚定捍卫是对那些向往挖矿时代的人的明确回应。他认为，PoW 无法避免中心化，而以太坊向 PoS 的转变是迈向更安全和去中心化未来的必要步骤。

A Lingering Question

一个挥之不去的问题

Despite Buterin's clear stance, the question remains: Was the shift from mining to staking truly a decision for the better? Only time will tell whether PoS can overcome the challenges and deliver on its promise of a more equitable and secure Ethereum ecosystem.

尽管 Buterin 立场明确，但问题仍然存在：从挖矿到质押的转变真的是一个更好的决定吗？只有时间才能证明 PoS 是否能够克服挑战并兑现其对更公平、更安全的以太坊生态系统的承诺。