区块链正在彻底改变公共产品融资

重写资本在社会中的流动方式可以说是加密货币领域最大的解锁。 Sophia Dew 表示，随着区块链争夺市场份额，我们迫切希望看到新型融资形式的快速实验，以扩大对生态系统的影响。

Cryptocurrency is unlocking a new way to fund public goods, and it could have a major impact on society.

加密货币正在开启一种为公共产品提供资金的新方式，它可能会对社会产生重大影响。

Blockchains are competing for market share by experimenting with novel forms of funding that grow impact ecosystems. But what exactly does this mean?

区块链正在通过试验对生态系统产生影响的新型融资形式来争夺市场份额。但这到底是什么意思呢？

Capital is flowing in a new direction, thanks to blockchains. But to fully grasp the significance of this shift, we must first define “public goods.”

得益于区块链，资本正在朝着新的方向流动。但要充分把握这一转变的意义，我们必须首先定义“公共物品”。

A good illustration is a scientific breakthrough. Once discovered, it may be freely shared and used by anybody without diminishing its worth. This characteristic makes it harder for the private sector to fund scientific research since they can't recoup their investment. However, government funding may step in to fill this vacuum.

一个好的插图是一个科学突破。一旦被发现，任何人都可以自由共享和使用，而不会降低其价值。这一特点使得私营部门更难资助科学研究，因为它们无法收回投资。然而，政府资金可能会介入以填补这一真空。

Another example of a public good is a cathedral. It serves the whole community as a place of worship, but it is challenging for the private sector to construct a cathedral since they cannot charge people to use it and so cannot recoup their expenses. However, community funding or government subsidies may be used to construct a cathedral.

公共物品的另一个例子是大教堂。它作为一个礼拜场所为整个社区服务，但私营部门建造一座大教堂具有挑战性，因为他们无法向人们收取使用费用，因此无法收回费用。然而，社区资金或政府补贴可用于建造大教堂。

Cryptocurrency is unlocking a new way to fund public goods, and it could have a major impact on society. Here's how.

加密货币正在开启一种为公共产品提供资金的新方式，它可能会对社会产生重大影响。就是这样。

But what does this have to do with cryptocurrencies and blockchains? It turns out that blockchains can be used to create new and innovative ways of funding public goods.

但这与加密货币和区块链有什么关系呢？事实证明，区块链可以用来创造新的、创新的方式来资助公共产品。

One example is quadratic funding, which Gitcoin uses to distribute matching funds to Web3 projects. With quadratic funding, each donation to a project is matched by a decreasing multiple of funds from a central pool. This means that early donations to a project have a greater impact on the total amount of funds raised, encouraging a diverse group of donors to contribute to a wide range of projects.

一个例子是二次融资，Gitcoin 使用它来向 Web3 项目分配匹配资金。通过二次融资，对项目的每笔捐赠都与中央资金池中递减倍数的资金相匹配。这意味着对项目的早期捐款对筹集的资金总额有更大的影响，鼓励多元化的捐助者为广泛的项目捐款。

Another example is RetroPGF, which Optimism uses to retroactively fund impactful projects in its ecosystem. With RetroPGF, a group of community members decides which projects to fund after the funding round has ended. This allows projects to demonstrate their impact before receiving funding, ensuring that the funds go to the most deserving projects.

另一个例子是 RetroPGF，Optimism 用它来追溯资助其生态系统中有影响力的项目。在 RetroPGF 中，一组社区成员在融资轮结束后决定资助哪些项目。这使得项目能够在获得资金之前展示其影响力，确保资金流向最值得的项目。

These are just two examples of how blockchains can be used to fund public goods. As blockchains continue to grow and mature, we can expect to see even more creative and impactful ways of funding public goods being developed.

这些只是区块链如何用于资助公共产品的两个例子。随着区块链的不断发展和成熟，我们预计会看到更具创造性和影响力的公共产品融资方式。

And this has the potential to completely alter how society operates. When governments or a small group of wealthy people have a monopoly on deciding how to allocate capital, it might lead to a concentration of power and a misallocation of resources. But a decentralized and community-driven approach to capital allocation might guarantee that funds are directed towards the projects and initiatives that will generate the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

这有可能彻底改变社会的运作方式。当政府或一小群富人垄断决定如何配置资本时，可能会导致权力集中和资源配置不当。但是，去中心化和社区驱动的资本分配方法可能会保证资金流向能够为最大多数人带来最大利益的项目和举措。

This might also result in a more equitable and just society since everyone would have a stake in how capital is allocated. But it's crucial to keep in mind that this is only the beginning. We still have a long way to go before we can completely realize the potential of blockchains to effect good in the world.

这也可能会带来一个更加公平和公正的社会，因为每个人都与资本的分配方式有利害关系。但重要的是要记住，这只是一个开始。要完全实现区块链为世界带来好处的潜力，我们还有很长的路要走。