现代令牌攻击和针对云环境的关键防御策略的解剖结构

随着组织加速采用云，API代币滥用已成为关键的漏洞向量。

In the fast-paced sphere of cloud computing, organizations are continually pushing the boundaries of innovation. However, this rapid technological advancement has inadvertently opened up new avenues for cybercriminals to exploit. Among the emerging vulnerability vectors that pose a significant challenge to enterprise security are API token abuse and the persistence of OAuth 2.0 tokens.

在云计算的快节奏领域中，组织正在不断地突破创新的界限。但是，这种快速的技术进步无意中为网络犯罪分子开发了新的途径。在对企业安全构成重大挑战的新兴漏洞向量中，API代币滥用和OAuth 2.0令牌的持续存在。

A 2025 study by researchers at Boston University showed that 57% of enterprises had experienced at least one API-related breach in the past two years, with 73% encountering multiple incidents. This surge in API breaches underscores the urgent need for robust cloud API security frameworks that address both technical vulnerabilities and evolving attacker tactics.

波士顿大学研究人员的2025年研究表明，过去两年中，有57％的企业至少经历了一种与API相关的违规行为，其中73％的企业遇到了多个事件。 API中的这种激增强调了迫切需要解决技术漏洞和不断发展的攻击者策略的强大云API安全框架。

The Anatomy of Modern Token-Based Attacks

现代令牌攻击的解剖结构

Cloud APIs, being the primary integration points for SaaS applications and internal services, are heavily targeted by cybercriminals. Traditionally, attackers focused on brute-forcing user credentials or injecting malicious payloads into API request bodies. However, recent incidents highlight a shift towards abusing OAuth 2.0 tokens and API keys due to their persistence and broad permissions.

Cloud API是SaaS应用和内部服务的主要集成点，由网络犯罪分子对准。传统上，攻击者专注于野蛮的用户凭据或将恶意有效载荷注入API请求机构。但是，最近的事件突出了滥用Oauth 2.0令牌和API键的转变，因为它们的持久性和广泛的许可。

For instance, the Heroku breach in early 2024 saw attackers gain prolonged access to multiple SaaS platforms after stealing OAuth tokens from a developer workstation. This enabled lateral movement and pivoting through interconnected SaaS applications over several weeks.

例如，在2024年初的Heroku违规行为看到攻击者从开发人员工作站窃取了Oauth令牌后，攻击者长期访问了多个SaaS平台。这使得在数周内通过互连的SaaS应用程序透过横向运动和旋转。

On the other hand, the DocuSign campaign in mid-2024 focused on weaponizing API endpoints for large-scale fraud. By forging invoices and leveraging DocuSign's routing capabilities, attackers managed to distribute fraudulent documents to a broad range of suppliers and vendors.

另一方面，2024年中期的Docusign运动集中于将API端点武器化，以实现大规模欺诈。通过锻造发票并利用DocuSign的路由功能，攻击者设法将欺诈性文档分发给了广泛的供应商和供应商。

These incidents highlight the paradox of token convenience versus security. While tokens eliminate the risks of password sharing and streamline integration, their persistence and broad permissions create ideal conditions for lateral movement and pivoting, which are becoming increasingly common.

这些事件突出了令牌便利与安全性的悖论。尽管令牌消除了密码共享和简化集成的风险，但它们的持久性和广泛的权限为横向移动和枢转的理想条件越来越普遍。

Critical Defense Strategies for Cloud Environments

云环境的关键防御策略

1. Implement Zero-Trust Token Policies

1。实施零信任令牌政策

Frameworks like Microsoft Entra's token protection, which binds refresh tokens to specific devices using cryptographic seals, can render stolen tokens useless on unauthorized systems. This approach helps mitigate 43% of token theft scenarios, according to Azure AD telemetry from 2024.

Microsoft Entra的代币保护（使用加密密封件将刷新令牌绑定到特定设备）之类的框架可以使被盗的令牌在未经授权的系统上无用。根据2024年的Azure AD遥测，这种方法有助于减轻43％的令牌盗用方案。

To further minimize the impact of compromised tokens, organizations can set short lifespans and enforce timely expiry, reducing the window for attackers to exploit them. Additionally, configuring tokens for specific API scopes limits the actions an attacker can perform, preventing escalation of privileges.

为了进一步最大程度地减少受损的代币的影响，组织可以设定较短的寿命并及时执行到期，从而减少窗口以使攻击者利用它们。此外，为特定的API范围配置令牌限制了攻击者可以执行的操作，从而阻止特权升级。

2. Enforce Granular Token Controls

2。强制执行颗粒状令牌控件

Effective practices are demonstrated by Okta's API token management platform, which provides role-based controls for token permissions and usage. This ensures that different user groups or service identities have appropriate access to the APIs they require without granting excessive privileges.

Okta的API代币管理平台证明了有效的实践，该平台为代币权限和使用提供了基于角色的控制。这样可以确保不同的用户组或服务身份可以适当访问所需的API，而无需授予过多的特权。

Moreover, platforms like Keycloak offer advanced token introspection capabilities, enabling organizations to identify the user, application, and scope of each token in real time. This information is crucial for threat analysis and incident response.

此外，KeyCloak之类的平台提供了高级令牌内省功能，使组织能够实时识别每个令牌的用户，应用程序和范围。此信息对于威胁分析和事件响应至关重要。

3. Adopt Real-Time Threat Detection

3。采用实时威胁检测

Palo Alto Networks' Cloud Token Theft Playbook recommends organizations monitor logs for signs of token misuse, such as multiple logins from unexpected locations or unusual API request patterns.

Palo Alto Networks的Cloud令牌盗窃剧本建议组织监视日志是否有令牌滥用的迹象，例如来自意外位置的多个登录或不寻常的API请求模式。

Financial institutions that implemented these controls saw mean detection time for API breaches decrease from 78 hours in 2023 to 11 minutes in 2024, according to case studies by Boston Consulting Group. This rapid detection capability is crucial for minimizing the impact of breaches and containing them quickly.

根据波士顿咨询集团的案例研究，实施这些控制的金融机构的平均检测时间从2023年的78小时减少到2024年的11分钟。这种快速检测能力对于最大程度地减少漏洞的影响并迅速包含它们至关重要。

Emerging Standards and Regulatory Pressures

新兴标准和监管压力

The OWASP API Security Top 10 2023 update highlights two classes of vulnerabilities that are particularly relevant to token abuse: broken authentication (API2:2023) and unrestricted resource consumption (API4:2023). In response to these risks, the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is developing a dedicated standard for API security best practices.

OWASP API Security TOP 10 2023更新突出了与令牌滥用特别相关的两类漏洞：破裂的身份验证（API2：2023）和不受限制的资源消耗（API4：2023）。为了应对这些风险，开放的Web应用程序安全项目（OWASP）正在为API安全最佳实践开发专门的标准。

Major cloud service providers (CSPs) are also rolling out their own technologies and services. For instance, AWS Token Revoker enables organizations to revoke compromised API tokens in a single operation, while Azure Entra Conditional Access blocked 2.1 billion malicious token reuse attempts in 2024.

主要的云服务提供商（CSP）也正在推出自己的技术和服务。例如，AWS代币的撤消使组织能够在一次操作中撤销API令牌，而Azure Entra有条件访问阻止了2024年的21亿个恶意代币重用尝试。

The Road Ahead – Balancing Innovation and Security

前进的道路 - 平衡创新与安全

As generative AI integration expands the API attack surface, organizations must take a holistic approach to securing this domain. This includes not only technical measures but also socio-economic considerations.

随着生成AI集成扩大了API攻击表面，组织必须采取整体方法来确保该领域。这不仅包括技术措施，还包括社会经济的考虑。

The Cloud Security Alliance predicts that API abuse damages will exceed $12B annually by 2026 unless current mitigation rates improve. By adopting proactive token lifecycle management, applying granular access controls, and engaging in real-time threat detection and response, enterprises can secure their cloud ecosystems against this evolving threat landscape.

云安全联盟预测，除非当前的缓解率提高，否则API滥用损害每年将超过$ 12B。通过采用主动的令牌生命周期管理，应用颗粒状访问控制并参与实时威胁检测和响应，企业可以保护其云生态系统免受这种不断发展的威胁景观的影响。