TON 區塊鏈：Telegram 加密網路的起源和技術特徵

在本文中，我們將追溯 Telegram 加密網路的起源，直到我們今天所知的 TON 區塊鏈。

In 2017, Telegram began exploring blockchain solutions to support its massive user traffic, estimated in billions. After a year of research, the company launched its own blockchain, known as “Telegram Open Network” (TON), along with the GRAM token (later renamed TON).

2017 年，Telegram 開始探索區塊鏈解決方案，以支援其估計數十億的龐大用戶流量。經過一年的研究，該公司推出了自己的區塊鏈，稱為「Telegram Open Network」（TON），以及 GRAM 代幣（後來更名為 TON）。

The token sale, conducted through an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), aimed to raise venture capital for Telegram to enhance its servers and services dedicated to the crypto sector. Over 80% of the funds were earmarked for equipment, bandwidth, collocation, and user verification costs.

此次代幣銷售透過首次代幣發行（ICO）進行，旨在為 Telegram 籌集風險資本，以增強其專用於加密貨幣領域的伺服器和服務。超過80%的資金專門用於設備、頻寬、配置和用戶驗證成本。

However, two years later, the Durov brothers were forced to exit the project following an injunction from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The US regulator had classified the brothers' activity as an unregistered “security” public offering.

然而，兩年後，根據美國證券交易委員會 (SEC) 的禁令，杜羅夫兄弟被迫退出該計畫。美國監管機構將兄弟倆的活動歸類為未註冊的「證券」公開發行。

As a result, Telegram was fined $18.5 million, and the project was largely abandoned to make way for other endeavors. The brothers were also required to return the ICO proceeds to investors, totaling about $1.7 billion.

結果，Telegram 被罰款 1850 萬美元，該項目基本上被放棄，為其他項目讓路。兄弟倆還被要求將 ICO 收益返還給投資者，總計約 17 億美元。

Despite Telegram's initial project being abandoned by the founders themselves, and the new crypto GRAM being forgotten, from 2018 to 2020 the social media company had made great strides in designing the blockchain network The Open Network, also achieving important milestones.

儘管Telegram 的最初項目被創始人自己放棄，新的加密貨幣GRAM 也被遺忘，但從2018 年到2020 年，這家社交媒體公司在設計區塊鏈網路The Open Network 方面取得了巨大進步，也實現了重要的里程碑。

Until the arrival of the sanction from the SEC, the product had been improved several times. The development team had released a lite version of the blockchain network client, published a complete source code for nodes on Github and launched a testnet.

在SEC制裁到來之前，該產品已多次改進。開發團隊發布了區塊鏈網路客戶端的精簡版，在Github上發布了完整的節點原始碼，並啟動了測試網。

Since the crypto network was practically ready to debut on the market, the founders of Telegram thought it wise to decentralize the project.

由於加密網路實際上已經準備好在市場上首次亮相，Telegram 的創始人認為分散該項目是明智的。

All the codes have been distributed in an open source manner to the developers, just as Tesla did with the liberalization of patents for electric cars a few years earlier.

所有程式碼都以開源方式分發給開發者，就像特斯拉幾年前開放電動車專利一樣。

From there was born what we all know as the TON blockchain, even though it has kept the name Telegram Open Network.

由此誕生了我們所熟知的 TON 區塊鏈，儘管它保留了 Telegram 開放網路的名稱。

GRAM was renamed TON (Toncoin), with the only difference being that the token was no longer controlled by the company itself, but had become a free resource.

GRAM更名為TON（Toncoin），唯一的區別是代幣不再由公司自己控制，而是成為一種免費資源。

This transition has led to a radical shift. From a centralized initiative tied to a corporate entity to a decentralized project managed by the community.

這一轉變導致了根本性的轉變。從與公司實體相關的集中式計劃到由社區管理的分散式專案。

This change has allowed Telegram to evolve independently, continuing to expand and innovate in the world of cryptocurrencies

這項變革讓 Telegram 能夠獨立發展，在加密貨幣世界中不斷擴展和創新

As of today, the crypto network is known for its extraordinary transaction processing capability.

截至今天，加密網路以其非凡的交易處理能力而聞名。

With the launch of Telegram’s crypto network in 2020, several very interesting technical implementations were inaugurated.

隨著 2020 年 Telegram 加密網路的推出，一些非常有趣的技術實現也隨之誕生。

Its architecture features several cutting-edge characteristics, such as the use of a dynamic sharding mechanism.

其架構具有多種前緣特性，例如動態分片機制的使用。

This feature allows the blockchain to manage transaction processing load more efficiently, resulting in a high-performance scalability.

此功能允許區塊鏈更有效地管理事務處理負載，從而實現高效能的可擴展性。

Furthermore, the developers of the Telegram community have implemented an instant routing mechanism that ensures rapid propagation through the network.

此外，Telegram 社群的開發人員還實現了即時路由機制，確保透過網路快速傳播。

This means minimizing latency and improving the end user’s experience.

這意味著最大限度地減少延遲並改善最終用戶的體驗。

It should also be noted the presence in Ton of a particular Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus mechanism called “Catchain Consensus”.

還應該指出的是，Ton 中存在一種特殊的拜占庭容錯共識機制，稱為「Catchain 共識」。

This model ensures reliability in achieving distributed consensus, contributing to ethical behavior on the part of the node structure.

此模型確保了實現分散式共識的可靠性，有助於節點結構的道德行為。

Very important to also mention the presence in this sense of Proof of Stake which allows maintaining the integrity of the network in the crypto world.

非常重要的是，還需要提及這種意義上的權益證明的存在，它允許維護加密世界中網路的完整性。

Just like on Ethereum, the Ton blockchain also features its own virtual machine, called the TON Virtual Machine (TVM). It is responsible for executing smart contracts and provides an operational framework for the development of dapps.

就像以太坊一樣，Ton 區塊鏈也有自己的虛擬機，稱為 TON 虛擬機 (TVM)。它負責執行智能合約，並為 dapp 的開發提供操作框架。

One of the most interesting aspects is, however, its perfect integration with the messaging app Telegram. 

然而，最有趣的方面之一是它與訊息應用程式 Telegram 的完美整合。

The network has indeed been designed to be complementary to the structure of the social media, being able to adapt to its high performance.

該網路確實被設計為對社交媒體結構的補充，能夠適應其高效能。

The crypto TON plays a fundamental role in this field: it represents the gas token of the chain as well as the currency used for payments.

加密貨幣 TON 在這一領域發揮基礎性作用：它代表了鏈上的 Gas 代幣以及用於支付的貨幣。

Users can send and receive Toncoin directly within the Telegram app, through a very simple and intuitive process.

用戶可以透過非常簡單直觀的過程直接在 Telegram 應用程式中發送和接收 Toncoin。

The same resource is used to reassure the network through staking, as well as to tip content creators and developers. Payments can also be made via bot, thanks to features like Telegram Stars.

相同的資源用於透過質押來安撫網絡，以及向內容創建者和開發者提供小費。借助 Telegram Stars 等功能，還可以透過機器人進行付款。

Although the Telegram crypto network was officially launched in 2020, it is only from 2024 that it has reached true mainstream adoption.

儘管 Telegram 加密網路於 2020 年正式推出，但直到 2024 年才達到真正的主流採用。

After some marketing stunts, the Foundation managed to bring a good user base to the network, becoming the 20th chain by total value locked (TVL).

經過一些行銷噱頭後，基金會成功為網路帶來了良好的用戶基礎，成為以總鎖定價值 (TVL) 計算的第 20 個鏈。

For example, in February 2024, Telegram decided to share 50% of its advertising profits with channel owners through payments in TON.

例如，2024 年 2 月，Telegram 決定透過 TON 支付與通路所有者分享 50% 的廣告利潤。

This has allowed the crypto TON to be elevated, bringing it to the attention of the general public, given its new utility.

鑑於其新的用途，這使得加密貨幣 TON 得到提升，引起了公眾的關注。

In March then, the team announced the allocation of 30 million TON in rewards to the community, for a value of 115 million dollars.

今年 3 月，團隊宣布向社區分配 3,000 萬 TON 獎勵，價值 1.15 億美元。

Furthermore, in April the stablecoin USDT

此外，4月穩定幣USDT