TON 区块链：Telegram 加密网络的起源和技术特征

在本文中，我们将追溯 Telegram 加密网络的起源，直至我们今天所知的 TON 区块链。

In 2017, Telegram began exploring blockchain solutions to support its massive user traffic, estimated in billions. After a year of research, the company launched its own blockchain, known as “Telegram Open Network” (TON), along with the GRAM token (later renamed TON).

2017 年，Telegram 开始探索区块链解决方案，以支持其估计数十亿的庞大用户流量。经过一年的研究，该公司推出了自己的区块链，称为“Telegram Open Network”（TON），以及 GRAM 代币（后更名为 TON）。

The token sale, conducted through an Initial Coin Offering (ICO), aimed to raise venture capital for Telegram to enhance its servers and services dedicated to the crypto sector. Over 80% of the funds were earmarked for equipment, bandwidth, collocation, and user verification costs.

此次代币销售通过首次代币发行（ICO）进行，旨在为 Telegram 筹集风险资本，以增强其专用于加密货币领域的服务器和服务。超过80%的资金专门用于设备、带宽、配置和用户验证成本。

However, two years later, the Durov brothers were forced to exit the project following an injunction from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The US regulator had classified the brothers' activity as an unregistered “security” public offering.

然而，两年后，根据美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 的禁令，杜罗夫兄弟被迫退出该项目。美国监管机构将兄弟俩的活动归类为未注册的“证券”公开发行。

As a result, Telegram was fined $18.5 million, and the project was largely abandoned to make way for other endeavors. The brothers were also required to return the ICO proceeds to investors, totaling about $1.7 billion.

结果，Telegram 被罚款 1850 万美元，该项目基本上被放弃，为其他项目让路。兄弟俩还被要求将 ICO 收益返还给投资者，总计约 17 亿美元。

Despite Telegram's initial project being abandoned by the founders themselves, and the new crypto GRAM being forgotten, from 2018 to 2020 the social media company had made great strides in designing the blockchain network The Open Network, also achieving important milestones.

尽管 Telegram 的最初项目被创始人自己放弃，新的加密货币 GRAM 也被遗忘，但从 2018 年到 2020 年，这家社交媒体公司在设计区块链网络 The Open Network 方面取得了巨大进步，也实现了重要的里程碑。

Until the arrival of the sanction from the SEC, the product had been improved several times. The development team had released a lite version of the blockchain network client, published a complete source code for nodes on Github and launched a testnet.

在SEC制裁到来之前，该产品已多次改进。开发团队发布了区块链网络客户端的精简版，在Github上发布了完整的节点源代码，并启动了测试网。

Since the crypto network was practically ready to debut on the market, the founders of Telegram thought it wise to decentralize the project.

由于加密网络实际上已经准备好在市场上首次亮相，Telegram 的创始人认为分散该项目是明智的。

All the codes have been distributed in an open source manner to the developers, just as Tesla did with the liberalization of patents for electric cars a few years earlier.

所有代码都以开源方式分发给开发者，就像特斯拉几年前开放电动汽车专利一样。

From there was born what we all know as the TON blockchain, even though it has kept the name Telegram Open Network.

由此诞生了我们所熟知的 TON 区块链，尽管它保留了 Telegram 开放网络的名称。

GRAM was renamed TON (Toncoin), with the only difference being that the token was no longer controlled by the company itself, but had become a free resource.

GRAM更名为TON（Toncoin），唯一的区别是代币不再由公司自己控制，而是成为一种免费资源。

This transition has led to a radical shift. From a centralized initiative tied to a corporate entity to a decentralized project managed by the community.

这一转变导致了根本性的转变。从与公司实体相关的集中式计划到由社区管理的分散式项目。

This change has allowed Telegram to evolve independently, continuing to expand and innovate in the world of cryptocurrencies

这一变化让 Telegram 能够独立发展，在加密货币世界中不断扩展和创新

As of today, the crypto network is known for its extraordinary transaction processing capability.

截至今天，加密网络以其非凡的交易处理能力而闻名。

With the launch of Telegram’s crypto network in 2020, several very interesting technical implementations were inaugurated.

随着 2020 年 Telegram 加密网络的推出，一些非常有趣的技术实现也随之诞生。

Its architecture features several cutting-edge characteristics, such as the use of a dynamic sharding mechanism.

其架构具有多种前沿特性，例如动态分片机制的使用。

This feature allows the blockchain to manage transaction processing load more efficiently, resulting in a high-performance scalability.

此功能允许区块链更有效地管理事务处理负载，从而实现高性能的可扩展性。

Furthermore, the developers of the Telegram community have implemented an instant routing mechanism that ensures rapid propagation through the network.

此外，Telegram 社区的开发人员还实现了即时路由机制，确保通过网络快速传播。

This means minimizing latency and improving the end user’s experience.

这意味着最大限度地减少延迟并改善最终用户的体验。

It should also be noted the presence in Ton of a particular Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus mechanism called “Catchain Consensus”.

还应该指出的是，Ton 中存在一种特殊的拜占庭容错共识机制，称为“Catchain 共识”。

This model ensures reliability in achieving distributed consensus, contributing to ethical behavior on the part of the node structure.

该模型确保了实现分布式共识的可靠性，有助于节点结构的道德行为。

Very important to also mention the presence in this sense of Proof of Stake which allows maintaining the integrity of the network in the crypto world.

非常重要的是，还需要提及这种意义上的权益证明的存在，它允许维护加密世界中网络的完整性。

Just like on Ethereum, the Ton blockchain also features its own virtual machine, called the TON Virtual Machine (TVM). It is responsible for executing smart contracts and provides an operational framework for the development of dapps.

就像以太坊一样，Ton 区块链也有自己的虚拟机，称为 TON 虚拟机 (TVM)。它负责执行智能合约，并为 dapp 的开发提供操作框架。

One of the most interesting aspects is, however, its perfect integration with the messaging app Telegram. 

然而，最有趣的方面之一是它与消息应用程序 Telegram 的完美集成。

The network has indeed been designed to be complementary to the structure of the social media, being able to adapt to its high performance.

该网络确实被设计为对社交媒体结构的补充，能够适应其高性能。

The crypto TON plays a fundamental role in this field: it represents the gas token of the chain as well as the currency used for payments.

加密货币 TON 在这一领域发挥着基础性作用：它代表了链上的 Gas 代币以及用于支付的货币。

Users can send and receive Toncoin directly within the Telegram app, through a very simple and intuitive process.

用户可以通过非常简单直观的过程直接在 Telegram 应用程序中发送和接收 Toncoin。

The same resource is used to reassure the network through staking, as well as to tip content creators and developers. Payments can also be made via bot, thanks to features like Telegram Stars.

相同的资源用于通过质押来安抚网络，以及向内容创建者和开发者提供小费。借助 Telegram Stars 等功能，还可以通过机器人进行付款。

Although the Telegram crypto network was officially launched in 2020, it is only from 2024 that it has reached true mainstream adoption.

尽管 Telegram 加密网络于 2020 年正式推出，但直到 2024 年才达到真正的主流采用。

After some marketing stunts, the Foundation managed to bring a good user base to the network, becoming the 20th chain by total value locked (TVL).

经过一些营销噱头后，该基金会成功为网络带来了良好的用户基础，成为按总锁定价值 (TVL) 计算的第 20 个链。

For example, in February 2024, Telegram decided to share 50% of its advertising profits with channel owners through payments in TON.

例如，2024 年 2 月，Telegram 决定通过 TON 支付与渠道所有者分享 50% 的广告利润。

This has allowed the crypto TON to be elevated, bringing it to the attention of the general public, given its new utility.

鉴于其新的用途，这使得加密货币 TON 得到提升，引起了公众的关注。

In March then, the team announced the allocation of 30 million TON in rewards to the community, for a value of 115 million dollars.

今年 3 月，团队宣布向社区分配 3000 万 TON 奖励，价值 1.15 亿美元。

Furthermore, in April the stablecoin USDT

此外，4月份稳定币USDT