制裁龍捲風現金有效嗎？

紐約聯邦儲備銀行的一份新報告表明確實如此——但有一些重要的警告。

The New York Federal Reserve published a report on Wednesday examining the impact of sanctions against the crypto mixer Tornado Cash.

紐約聯邦儲備銀行週三發布了一份報告，研究了製裁對加密貨幣混合器 Tornado Cash 的影響。

The report found that the sanctions did have an effect on Tornado Cash usage, which dropped by about 90% after the sanctions were first imposed. However, the report also noted that Tornado Cash usage has recovered to some extent over the past two years.

報告發現，制裁確實對 Tornado Cash 使用量產生了影響，制裁首次實施後，Tornado Cash 使用量下降了約 90%。不過，報告也指出，龍捲風現金的使用量在過去兩年中有所恢復。

The report also found that while some block proposers are including Tornado Cash transactions in blocks, block builders are largely excluding them.

該報告還發現，雖然一些區塊提案者將 Tornado Cash 交易納入區塊中，但區塊建構者基本上將其排除在外。

This is likely due to the fact that block proposers are not directly subject to the sanctions, while block builders are. The report also found that validators that process blocks containing Tornado Cash transactions generate lower fees than validators that process blocks without Tornado Cash transactions.

這可能是因為區塊提議者不直接受到製裁，而區塊建構者則受到製裁。該報告還發現，處理包含 Tornado Cash 交易的區​​塊的驗證器產生的費用低於處理不包含 Tornado Cash 交易的區​​塊的驗證器。

According to the report, this suggests that validators that are processing Tornado Cash transactions are more likely to be motivated by ideological reasons than by pure profit. The report also found that Tornado Cash's privacy functionality has deteriorated relative to before the sanctions, due to the drop in transaction volume and the number of different wallets engaging with the mixer.

根據該報告，這表明處理 Tornado Cash 交易的驗證者更有可能是出於意識形態原因，而不是純粹的利潤。該報告還發現，由於交易量下降以及參與混合器的不同錢包數量下降，Tornado Cash 的隱私功能相對於制裁前有所惡化。

Overall, the report found that the sanctions against Tornado Cash have had a mixed impact. While the sanctions did cause a sharp drop in Tornado Cash usage, the mixer has since recovered to some extent. The report also found that some entities in the crypto ecosystem are continuing to facilitate Tornado Cash transactions, despite the sanctions.

總體而言，報告發現對龍捲風現金的製裁產生了複雜的影響。雖然制裁確實導致 Tornado Cash 使用量急劇下降，但混合器此後已在一定程度上恢復。該報告還發現，儘管受到製裁，加密生態系統中的一些實體仍在繼續促進龍捲風現金交易。