量子計算比特幣攻擊可能比預期的早發生

量子計算比特幣攻擊可能在未來十年中發生的想法是使一些加密貨幣重新考慮安全性。

"Later" might be showing up a little sooner than expected. The idea that quantum computing Bitcoin attacks could happen in the next decade is making some in crypto rethink security. A recent breakthrough from Google’s Quantum AI team is putting a spotlight on what could happen when quantum computers get strong enough to break the encryption that forms the foundation of Bitcoin and other digital assets.

“以後”可能比預期的要早一些。量子計算比特幣攻擊可能在未來十年中發生的想法是使一些加密貨幣重新考慮安全性。 Google Quantum AI團隊的最新突破正在引起人們的關注，當量子計算機變得足夠強大以打破構成比特幣和其他數字資產的基礎的加密時可能會發生什麼。

What Google Found

Google發現了什麼

Right now, quantum computing Bitcoin threats are mostly theoretical, but experts say it’s time to start preparing. However, researchers at Google have been studying how quantum computers might eventually break modern encryption. Their latest findings? It might not take nearly as many quantum resources as we thought. They’ve found a way to break RSA-2048 encryption using 20 times fewer quantum bits (qubits) than previous models required.

目前，量子計算比特幣威脅主要是理論上的，但是專家說是時候開始準備了。但是，Google的研究人員一直在研究量子計算機最終如何打破現代加密。他們的最新發現？它可能沒有我們想像的幾乎需要的量子資源。他們找到了一種使用量子位（Qubits）比以前所需的型號少的20倍（Qubits）打破RSA-2048加密的方法。

Their latest findings? It might not take nearly as many quantum resources as we thought. They’ve found a way to break RSA-2048 encryption using 20 times fewer qubits than previous models required.

他們的最新發現？它可能沒有我們想像的幾乎需要的量子資源。他們已經找到了一種使用量子比以前所需型號少的量子量少的20倍來破壞RSA-2048加密的方法。

"A 2,048-bit RSA key could now be cracked in less than a week using fewer than 1 million noisy qubits, highlighting the rapid progress in this domain," said Google researcher Craig Gidney.

Google研究員Craig Gidney說：“現在，使用少於100萬個嘈雜的Qubits可以在不到一周的時間內破解2,048位RSA鍵，這突出了該領域的快速進步。”

The researchers were able to factor a 72-bit number on a 49-qubit superconducting processor, showcasing the feasibility of breaking standard cryptographic keys with intermediate-scale quantum devices.

研究人員能夠在49 Quit的超導處理器上排出72位的數字，從而展示了使用中間尺度量子設備破壞標準加密密鑰的可行性。

The researchers were able to factor a 72-bit number on a 49-qubit superconducting processor, showcasing the feasibility of breaking standard cryptographic keys with intermediate-scale quantum devices.

研究人員能夠在49 Quit的超導處理器上排出72位的數字，從而展示了使用中間尺度量子設備破壞標準加密密鑰的可行性。

Now, Bitcoin doesn’t use RSA encryption, but it does rely on elliptic curve cryptography, which, like RSA, could one day be vulnerable to quantum attacks. If a strong enough quantum computer runs the right algorithm, like Shor’s algorithm, it could theoretically uncover a Bitcoin user’s private key just from the public information tied to a wallet.

現在，比特幣不使用RSA加密，但是它確實依賴於橢圓曲線密碼學，就像RSA一樣，有一天可能容易受到量子攻擊的影響。如果足夠強的量子計算機像Shor的算法一樣運行正確的算法，那麼從理論上講，它可以從與錢包有關的公共信息中發現比特幣用戶的私鑰。

Why This Matters For Bitcoin

為什麼這對比特幣很重要

Here’s the issue in plain terms: if someone can figure out your private key, they can move your coins. You don’t need to hand it over. They can just take it. That’s why people are suddenly talking about something called “Q-Day,” the moment quantum computers are strong enough to break the encryption protecting our digital assets.

這是簡單的問題：如果有人可以找出您的私鑰，他們可以移動您的硬幣。您不需要交出它。他們可以接受。這就是為什麼人們突然談論所謂的“ Q-Day”的原因，量子計算機的強度足以打破保護我們的數字資產的加密。

Estimates for when Q-Day might arrive vary, but many experts say we’re probably within a 5 to 10-year window. That’s not tomorrow, but it’s definitely not “later” anymore.

Q-Day何時到達的估計有所不同，但許多專家說我們可能在5到10年的窗口範圍內。那不是明天，但絕對不再是“以後”了。

This follows a warning by BlackRock, claiming that if quantum computers get powerful enough, they could threaten the security of Bitcoin and put people's funds at risk.

這在貝萊德（Blackrock）警告下聲稱，如果量子計算機變得足夠強大，他們可能會威脅比特幣的安全，並使人們的資金處於危險之中。

"If a third party gains access to a user's private key, they can transfer the user's Bitcoins out of the user's wallet without the user's consent or cooperation," BlackRock warned in its latest filing for a Bitcoin ETF.

BlackRock在其最新提交的比特幣ETF文件中警告說：“如果第三方獲得對用戶的私鑰的訪問權限，則可以在無需用戶的同意或合作的情況下將用戶的比特幣從用戶的錢包中轉移出來。”

Such a scenario could render current encryption useless, allowing quantum-powered attacks to siphon off coins and expose wallets.

這樣的情況可能會使當前的加密無用，從而允許量子動力攻擊從硬幣中捲入並揭露錢包。

Are We In Danger Now?

我們現在處於危險之中嗎？

Not yet. The kind of quantum computers needed to pull this off still don’t exist, at least not at a scale that poses a direct threat. But Google’s research shows that we might be closer than expected, which means the crypto world can’t afford to ignore it.

還沒有。實現這一目標所需的量子計算機仍然不存在，至少不是構成直接威脅的規模。但是Google的研究表明，我們可能比預期的要近，這意味著加密世界無視它。

Right now, only wallets that have exposed their public key are even remotely vulnerable, and most modern wallets are built to avoid that. Still, once a transaction is made, the public key becomes visible. That means old, unused addresses that haven’t moved coins in years could eventually become targets.

目前，只有暴露出公共密鑰的錢包甚至是遙遠的脆弱，並且大多數現代錢包都是為了避免這種情況。儘管如此，一旦進行交易，公鑰就會變得可見。這意味著多年來沒有移動硬幣的舊，未使用的地址最終可能成為目標。

What’s Being Done About It?

怎麼了？

Fortunately, people are already working on solutions. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, and some are already being tested. Private companies like NordVPN have also started experimenting with quantum-safe encryption for internet traffic.

幸運的是，人們已經在開發解決方案。美國國家標準技術研究所（NIST）一直在開發抗量子的加密算法，有些已經對其進行了測試。像NORDVPN這樣的私人公司也開始嘗試使用Quantum-Safe加密進行互聯網流量。

In the crypto space, upgrading to post-quantum security would be a big deal. It could require a hard fork, which means rewriting part of the network’s rules, and that’s not something the community takes lightly. But if the alternative is losing trust in Bitcoin’s safety, it’s a conversation that will need to happen.

在加密貨幣領域，升級到量子後的安全性將是一件大事。它可能需要一個硬叉，這意味著重寫網絡規則的一部分，這不是社區易於使用的東西。但是，如果替代方案正在失去對比特幣安全性的信任，那將是需要進行的對話。