量子计算比特币攻击可能比预期的早发生

量子计算比特币攻击可能在未来十年中发生的想法是使一些加密货币重新考虑安全性。

"Later" might be showing up a little sooner than expected. The idea that quantum computing Bitcoin attacks could happen in the next decade is making some in crypto rethink security. A recent breakthrough from Google’s Quantum AI team is putting a spotlight on what could happen when quantum computers get strong enough to break the encryption that forms the foundation of Bitcoin and other digital assets.

“以后”可能比预期的要早一些。量子计算比特币攻击可能在未来十年中发生的想法是使一些加密货币重新考虑安全性。 Google Quantum AI团队的最新突破正在引起人们的关注，当量子计算机变得足够强大以打破构成比特币和其他数字资产的基础的加密时可能会发生什么。

What Google Found

Google发现了什么

Right now, quantum computing Bitcoin threats are mostly theoretical, but experts say it’s time to start preparing. However, researchers at Google have been studying how quantum computers might eventually break modern encryption. Their latest findings? It might not take nearly as many quantum resources as we thought. They’ve found a way to break RSA-2048 encryption using 20 times fewer quantum bits (qubits) than previous models required.

目前，量子计算比特币威胁主要是理论上的，但是专家说是时候开始准备了。但是，Google的研究人员一直在研究量子计算机最终如何打破现代加密。他们的最新发现？它可能没有我们想象的几乎需要的量子资源。他们找到了一种使用量子位（Qubits）比以前所需的型号少的20倍（Qubits）打破RSA-2048加密的方法。

Their latest findings? It might not take nearly as many quantum resources as we thought. They’ve found a way to break RSA-2048 encryption using 20 times fewer qubits than previous models required.

他们的最新发现？它可能没有我们想象的几乎需要的量子资源。他们已经找到了一种使用量子比以前所需型号少的量子量少的20倍来破坏RSA-2048加密的方法。

"A 2,048-bit RSA key could now be cracked in less than a week using fewer than 1 million noisy qubits, highlighting the rapid progress in this domain," said Google researcher Craig Gidney.

Google研究员Craig Gidney说：“现在，使用少于100万个嘈杂的Qubits可以在不到一周的时间内破解2,048位RSA键，这突出了该领域的快速进步。”

The researchers were able to factor a 72-bit number on a 49-qubit superconducting processor, showcasing the feasibility of breaking standard cryptographic keys with intermediate-scale quantum devices.

研究人员能够在49 Quit的超导处理器上排出72位的数字，从而展示了使用中间尺度量子设备破坏标准加密密钥的可行性。

The researchers were able to factor a 72-bit number on a 49-qubit superconducting processor, showcasing the feasibility of breaking standard cryptographic keys with intermediate-scale quantum devices.

研究人员能够在49 Quit的超导处理器上排出72位的数字，从而展示了使用中间尺度量子设备破坏标准加密密钥的可行性。

Now, Bitcoin doesn’t use RSA encryption, but it does rely on elliptic curve cryptography, which, like RSA, could one day be vulnerable to quantum attacks. If a strong enough quantum computer runs the right algorithm, like Shor’s algorithm, it could theoretically uncover a Bitcoin user’s private key just from the public information tied to a wallet.

现在，比特币不使用RSA加密，但是它确实依赖于椭圆曲线密码学，就像RSA一样，有一天可能容易受到量子攻击的影响。如果足够强的量子计算机像Shor的算法一样运行正确的算法，那么从理论上讲，它可以从与钱包有关的公共信息中发现比特币用户的私钥。

Why This Matters For Bitcoin

为什么这对比特币很重要

Here’s the issue in plain terms: if someone can figure out your private key, they can move your coins. You don’t need to hand it over. They can just take it. That’s why people are suddenly talking about something called “Q-Day,” the moment quantum computers are strong enough to break the encryption protecting our digital assets.

这是简单的问题：如果有人可以找出您的私钥，他们可以移动您的硬币。您不需要交出它。他们可以接受。这就是为什么人们突然谈论所谓的“ Q-Day”的原因，量子计算机的强度足以打破保护我们的数字资产的加密。

Estimates for when Q-Day might arrive vary, but many experts say we’re probably within a 5 to 10-year window. That’s not tomorrow, but it’s definitely not “later” anymore.

Q-Day何时到达的估计有所不同，但许多专家说我们可能在5到10年的窗口范围内。那不是明天，但绝对不再是“以后”了。

This follows a warning by BlackRock, claiming that if quantum computers get powerful enough, they could threaten the security of Bitcoin and put people's funds at risk.

这在贝莱德（Blackrock）警告下声称，如果量子计算机变得足够强大，他们可能会威胁比特币的安全，并使人们的资金处于危险之中。

"If a third party gains access to a user's private key, they can transfer the user's Bitcoins out of the user's wallet without the user's consent or cooperation," BlackRock warned in its latest filing for a Bitcoin ETF.

BlackRock在其最新提交的比特币ETF文件中警告说：“如果第三方获得对用户的私钥的访问权限，则可以在无需用户的同意或合作的情况下将用户的比特币从用户的钱包中转移出来。”

Such a scenario could render current encryption useless, allowing quantum-powered attacks to siphon off coins and expose wallets.

这样的情况可能会使当前的加密无用，从而允许量子动力攻击从硬币中卷入并揭露钱包。

Are We In Danger Now?

我们现在处于危险之中吗？

Not yet. The kind of quantum computers needed to pull this off still don’t exist, at least not at a scale that poses a direct threat. But Google’s research shows that we might be closer than expected, which means the crypto world can’t afford to ignore it.

还没有。实现这一目标所需的量子计算机仍然不存在，至少不是构成直接威胁的规模。但是Google的研究表明，我们可能比预期的要近，这意味着加密世界无视它。

Right now, only wallets that have exposed their public key are even remotely vulnerable, and most modern wallets are built to avoid that. Still, once a transaction is made, the public key becomes visible. That means old, unused addresses that haven’t moved coins in years could eventually become targets.

目前，只有暴露出公共密钥的钱包甚至是遥远的脆弱，并且大多数现代钱包都是为了避免这种情况。尽管如此，一旦进行交易，公钥就会变得可见。这意味着多年来没有移动硬币的旧，未使用的地址最终可能成为目标。

What’s Being Done About It?

怎么了？

Fortunately, people are already working on solutions. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, and some are already being tested. Private companies like NordVPN have also started experimenting with quantum-safe encryption for internet traffic.

幸运的是，人们已经在开发解决方案。美国国家标准技术研究所（NIST）一直在开发抗量子的加密算法，有些已经对其进行了测试。像NORDVPN这样的私人公司也开始尝试使用Quantum-Safe加密进行互联网流量。

In the crypto space, upgrading to post-quantum security would be a big deal. It could require a hard fork, which means rewriting part of the network’s rules, and that’s not something the community takes lightly. But if the alternative is losing trust in Bitcoin’s safety, it’s a conversation that will need to happen.

在加密货币领域，升级到量子后的安全性将是一件大事。它可能需要一个硬叉，这意味着重写网络规则的一部分，这不是社区易于使用的东西。但是，如果替代方案正在失去对比特币安全性的信任，那将是需要进行的对话。