以太坊的 The Verge 升級：它是什麼以及為什麼它很重要？

Vitalik Buterin 和他的團隊正在為以太坊的未來而努力。目前的路線圖包括六個步驟。我們已經介紹了三個部分

Vitalik Buterin and his team are working hard on the future of Ethereum. The current roadmap consists of six steps. We already covered three parts, so it’s time for part four, The Verge.

Vitalik Buterin 和他的團隊正在為以太坊的未來而努力。目前的路線圖包括六個步驟。我們已經介紹了三個部分，現在該介紹第四部分「The Verge」了。

This upgrade should make it easier to verify blocks. Buterin also publishes a log and technical articles on these six steps. We simplify his articles in our articles, which should make them easier to understand. As a result, today we take a closer look at The Verge.

此升級應該會使驗證區塊變得更容易。 Buterin 也發布了關於這六個步驟的日誌和技術文章。我們在我們的文章中簡化了他的文章，這應該使它們更容易理解。因此，今天我們仔細看看 The Verge。

What Is The Verge?

什麼是邊緣？

The Verge will make it easier to run a node from your laptop, mobile phone, or even your smartwatch. This asks for affordable computation. That’s exactly what Ethereum wants to bring to the table with this upgrade. See the picture below for the roadmap of The Verge.

The Verge 將使您可以更輕鬆地從筆記型電腦、手機甚至智慧手錶上運行節點。這需要負擔得起的計算。這正是以太坊想要透過這次升級帶來的。 The Verge 的路線圖見下圖。

Source: Vitalik Buterin’s article on The Verge

來源：Vitalik Buterin 在 The Verge 上的文章

In the long term, you should be able to verify the full chain on your smartwatch. You only need to download some data and verify a SNARK. That’s a Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge. In other words, ZK tech. ZK tech allows you to prove a transaction, without showing its data.

從長遠來看，您應該能夠驗證智慧手錶上的完整鏈條。你只需要下載一些數據並驗證一個SNARK。這是零知識的簡潔非互動式知識論證。換句話說，ZK科技。 ZK 技術可讓您證明交易，而無需顯示其數據。

Stateless Verification, Verkle Trees, or STARKs?

無狀態驗證、Verkle 樹還是 STARK？

Currently, when you want to verify blocks, you need a lot of storage. Each consecutive year, you will need more storage. In other words, it’s hard to run your node and be an Ethereum validator. This has to do with state size. In crypto, ‘state’ refers to the current status of the chain’s digital ledger and its VM (virtual machine).

目前，當你想要驗證區塊時，你需要大量的儲存空間。連續每一年，您都將需要更多的儲存空間。換句話說，運行你的節點並成為以太坊驗證者是很困難的。這與國家規模有關。在加密貨幣中，「狀態」是指鏈的數位帳本及其 VM（虛擬機器）的當前狀態。

The goal is to replace the current Merkle Patricia state tree (MPT), because the current MPT is *very* unfriendly to stateless clients: a worst-case stateless proof for an Ethereum block is ~300 MB (think: spam reads on 24kB contracts), and even the average case sucks because the…

目標是取代目前的Merkle Patricia 狀態樹(MPT)，因為目前的MPT 對無狀態客戶端「非常」不友善：以太坊區塊的最壞情況無狀態證明約為300 MB（想想：垃圾郵件讀取取24kB 合約） ），甚至平均情況也很糟糕，因為…

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) July 28, 2024

—vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) 2024 年 7 月 28 日

Ethereum uses Merkle trees at the moment. They produce proofs for data points. However, they also need too much storage. Currently, there are two better options available,

以太坊目前使用 Merkle 樹。他們為數據點提供證明。然而，它們也需要太多的儲存空間。目前，有兩個更好的選擇，

Buterein and his team will soon decide which route they will go. See the picture below.

Buterein 和他的團隊很快就會決定走哪條路。見下圖。

Validity Proofs of EVM Execution

EVM 執行的有效性證明

Ethereum has a long-term goal for block validation. Ideally, you only need to download a small part of the whole block. This results in only needing a small proof to verify a block. This would need a SNARK or STARK solution. They would provide proof of the consensus layer and (ii) the execution layer. So, the PoS proof and the EVM proof.

以太坊對區塊驗證有一個長期目標。理想情況下，您只需要下載整個區塊的一小部分。這導致只需要一個小的證明來驗證一個區塊。這需要 SNARK 或 STARK 解決方案。他們將提供共識層和（ii）執行層的證明。所以，PoS 證明和 EVM 證明。

Currently, validity proofs are not yet secure and take time. However, the goal is to have a prover time of sub 4 seconds. Today it takes around 15 seconds, with current technology available. Increasing prover time has security and decentralization trade-offs. That’s part of the issue that the team is trying to solve.

目前，有效性證明尚不安全且需要時間。然而，目標是驗證時間低於 4 秒。如今，利用現有技術，大約需要 15 秒。增加證明時間需要在安全性和去中心化之間進行權衡。這是團隊試圖解決的問題的一部分。

If we can find a way to automatically convert older-version EVM code into newer-version EVM code, that would of course significantly reduce the tradeoff.

如果我們能找到一種方法將舊版的 EVM 程式碼自動轉換為新版本的 EVM 程式碼，那當然會顯著減少權衡。

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) December 12, 2022

—vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) 2022 年 12 月 12 日

Validity Proofs of Consensus

共識的有效性證明

Besides the EVM proof, there’s also the need to prove consensus when using a SNARK. However, there are many challenges in this process. It asks for a complete redesign of the beacon chain. This chain launched during the transition from PoW to PoS. You can also call it the heart of the Ethereum chain.

除了 EVM 證明之外，使用 SNARK 時還需要證明共識。然而，這個過程中也存在著許多挑戰。它要求對信標鏈進行徹底的重新設計。該鍊是在從 PoW 到 PoS 的過渡期間推出的。您也可以將其稱為以太坊鏈的核心。

Buterin sees this as a multi-year plan before the devs can install it. For more technical information and updates, please visit Buterin’s article.

Buterin 認為這是開發人員安裝之前的多年計劃。如需更多技術資訊和更新，請造訪 Buterin 的文章。

Conclusion

結論

The Future of Ethereum is an ongoing project. It follows a six-step roadmap. We already covered three parts of this roadmap. The Merge, The Surge, and The Scourge. Today we covered step four, The Verge.

以太坊的未來是一個正在進行的項目。它遵循六步路線圖。我們已經介紹了該路線圖的三個部分。合併、浪潮和天災。今天我們介紹了第四步，The Verge。

Disclaimer

免責聲明

The information discussed by Altcoin Buzz is not financial advice. This is for educational, entertainment and informational purposes only. Any

Altcoin Buzz 討論的資訊不是財務建議。這僅用於教育、娛樂和資訊目的。任何