以太坊的 The Verge 升级：它是什么以及为什么它很重要？

Vitalik Buterin 和他的团队正在为以太坊的未来而努力。当前的路线图包括六个步骤。我们已经介绍了三个部分

Vitalik Buterin and his team are working hard on the future of Ethereum. The current roadmap consists of six steps. We already covered three parts, so it’s time for part four, The Verge.

Vitalik Buterin 和他的团队正在为以太坊的未来而努力。当前的路线图包括六个步骤。我们已经介绍了三个部分，现在该介绍第四部分“The Verge”了。

This upgrade should make it easier to verify blocks. Buterin also publishes a log and technical articles on these six steps. We simplify his articles in our articles, which should make them easier to understand. As a result, today we take a closer look at The Verge.

此升级应该会使验证块变得更容易。 Buterin 还发布了关于这六个步骤的日志和技术文章。我们在我们的文章中简化了他的文章，这应该使它们更容易理解。因此，今天我们仔细看看 The Verge。

What Is The Verge?

什么是边缘？

The Verge will make it easier to run a node from your laptop, mobile phone, or even your smartwatch. This asks for affordable computation. That’s exactly what Ethereum wants to bring to the table with this upgrade. See the picture below for the roadmap of The Verge.

The Verge 将使您可以更轻松地从笔记本电脑、手机甚至智能手表上运行节点。这需要负担得起的计算。这正是以太坊想要通过这次升级带来的。 The Verge 的路线图见下图。

Source: Vitalik Buterin’s article on The Verge

来源：Vitalik Buterin 在 The Verge 上的文章

In the long term, you should be able to verify the full chain on your smartwatch. You only need to download some data and verify a SNARK. That’s a Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge. In other words, ZK tech. ZK tech allows you to prove a transaction, without showing its data.

从长远来看，您应该能够验证智能手表上的完整链条。你只需要下载一些数据并验证一个SNARK。这是零知识的简洁非交互式知识论证。换句话说，ZK科技。 ZK 技术允许您证明交易，而无需显示其数据。

Stateless Verification, Verkle Trees, or STARKs?

无状态验证、Verkle 树还是 STARK？

Currently, when you want to verify blocks, you need a lot of storage. Each consecutive year, you will need more storage. In other words, it’s hard to run your node and be an Ethereum validator. This has to do with state size. In crypto, ‘state’ refers to the current status of the chain’s digital ledger and its VM (virtual machine).

目前，当你想要验证区块时，你需要大量的存储空间。连续每一年，您都将需要更多的存储空间。换句话说，运行你的节点并成为以太坊验证者是很困难的。这与国家规模有关。在加密货币中，“状态”是指链的数字账本及其 VM（虚拟机）的当前状态。

The goal is to replace the current Merkle Patricia state tree (MPT), because the current MPT is *very* unfriendly to stateless clients: a worst-case stateless proof for an Ethereum block is ~300 MB (think: spam reads on 24kB contracts), and even the average case sucks because the…

目标是取代当前的 Merkle Patricia 状态树 (MPT)，因为当前的 MPT 对无状态客户端“非常”不友好：以太坊区块的最坏情况无状态证明约为 300 MB（想想：垃圾邮件读取 24kB 合约） ），甚至平均情况也很糟糕，因为……

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) July 28, 2024

—vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) 2024 年 7 月 28 日

Ethereum uses Merkle trees at the moment. They produce proofs for data points. However, they also need too much storage. Currently, there are two better options available,

以太坊目前使用 Merkle 树。他们为数据点提供证明。然而，它们也需要太多的存储空间。目前，有两个更好的选择，

Buterein and his team will soon decide which route they will go. See the picture below.

Buterein 和他的团队很快就会决定走哪条路。见下图。

Validity Proofs of EVM Execution

EVM 执行的有效性证明

Ethereum has a long-term goal for block validation. Ideally, you only need to download a small part of the whole block. This results in only needing a small proof to verify a block. This would need a SNARK or STARK solution. They would provide proof of the consensus layer and (ii) the execution layer. So, the PoS proof and the EVM proof.

以太坊对区块验证有一个长期目标。理想情况下，您只需要下载整个块的一小部分。这导致只需要一个小的证明来验证一个块。这需要 SNARK 或 STARK 解决方案。他们将提供共识层和（ii）执行层的证明。所以，PoS 证明和 EVM 证明。

Currently, validity proofs are not yet secure and take time. However, the goal is to have a prover time of sub 4 seconds. Today it takes around 15 seconds, with current technology available. Increasing prover time has security and decentralization trade-offs. That’s part of the issue that the team is trying to solve.

目前，有效性证明尚不安全并且需要时间。然而，目标是验证时间低于 4 秒。如今，利用现有技术，大约需要 15 秒。增加证明时间需要在安全性和去中心化之间进行权衡。这是团队试图解决的问题的一部分。

If we can find a way to automatically convert older-version EVM code into newer-version EVM code, that would of course significantly reduce the tradeoff.

如果我们能找到一种方法将旧版本的 EVM 代码自动转换为新版本的 EVM 代码，那当然会显着减少权衡。

— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) December 12, 2022

—vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) 2022 年 12 月 12 日

Validity Proofs of Consensus

共识的有效性证明

Besides the EVM proof, there’s also the need to prove consensus when using a SNARK. However, there are many challenges in this process. It asks for a complete redesign of the beacon chain. This chain launched during the transition from PoW to PoS. You can also call it the heart of the Ethereum chain.

除了 EVM 证明之外，使用 SNARK 时还需要证明共识。然而，这个过程中也存在很多挑战。它要求对信标链进行彻底的重新设计。该链是在从 PoW 到 PoS 的过渡期间推出的。您也可以将其称为以太坊链的核心。

Buterin sees this as a multi-year plan before the devs can install it. For more technical information and updates, please visit Buterin’s article.

Buterin 认为这是一个在开发人员安装之前的多年计划。如需更多技术信息和更新，请访问 Buterin 的文章。

Conclusion

结论

The Future of Ethereum is an ongoing project. It follows a six-step roadmap. We already covered three parts of this roadmap. The Merge, The Surge, and The Scourge. Today we covered step four, The Verge.

以太坊的未来是一个正在进行的项目。它遵循六步路线图。我们已经介绍了该路线图的三个部分。合并、浪潮和天灾。今天我们介绍了第四步，The Verge。

Disclaimer

免责声明

The information discussed by Altcoin Buzz is not financial advice. This is for educational, entertainment and informational purposes only. Any

Altcoin Buzz 讨论的信息不是财务建议。这仅用于教育、娱乐和信息目的。任何