我們需要 DePIN 來實現淨零排放

為了盡快實現淨零目標，我們必須找到一種方法，讓終端消費者積極融入能源市場。答案是去中心化物理

To achieve the net-zero goal ASAP, we must find a way to actively integrate end consumers into the energy market. The answer is Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks, says Kai Siefert, founder and CEO of Combinder, a user-owned distributed energy network.

為了盡快實現淨零目標，我們必須找到一種方法，讓終端消費者積極融入能源市場。用戶擁有的分散式能源網路 Combinder 的創辦人兼執行長 Kai Siefert 表示，答案是去中心化實體基礎設施網路。

Energy equals life. It warms, cools, and lights our homes. It moves the trucks that bring our groceries. It fuels the chips that drive the AI revolution. Energy can be considered a human right, and unless we transition to a zero-emissions economy — energy will kill us.

能量等於生命。它為我們的家供暖、冷氣和照明。它移動為我們運送雜貨的卡車。它為推動人工智慧革命的晶片提供了動力。能源可以被視為一項人權，除非我們過渡到零排放經濟，否則能源將會殺死我們。

The foundation of a zero-emissions economy lies in renewable energy sources and it requires a shift in how we consume energy. Unlike fossil fuel-based energy, they do not produce energy on demand, but whenever the sun shines and the wind blows. Therefore, to achieve the net-zero goal ASAP, we must find a way to actively integrate end consumers into the energy market.

零排放經濟的基礎在於再生能源，它需要我們改變能源消耗方式。與基於化石燃料的能源不同，它們不會按需生產能源，而是在陽光普照和風吹的時候生產能源。因此，要盡快實現淨零目標，我們必須找到一種方法，讓終端消費者積極融入能源市場。

This op-ed is part of CoinDesk's new DePIN Vertical, covering the emerging industry of decentralized physical infrastructure.

這篇專欄文章是 CoinDesk 新的 DePIN Vertical 的一部分，涵蓋了去中心化實體基礎設施的新興產業。

Previous attempts to do this have largely failed. Large municipal utilities paid flat rates to households that were willing to participate in demand response programs where you were essentially expected to shut off your energy-consuming devices when prompted by a centralized signal, often an SMS. But these methods are too imprecise and costly to scale. They struggle because they are implemented within a system that is not designed for the unique demands of renewable energy—a system built over more than a century to accommodate fossil fuels. The fossil system is characterized by deep verticality and bilateral contracts between some hundred players along supply chains that encircle the entire planet. But what we need is a system that is horizontally structured around locally-produced energy, multilaterally shared between billions producers and active consumers.

之前的嘗試基本上都失敗了。大型市政公用事業公司向願意參與需求響應計劃的家庭支付統一費率，在該計劃中，您基本上需要在中央信號（通常是短信）的提示下關閉能源消耗設備。但這些方法過於不精確，而且規模化成本高昂。它們之所以舉步維艱，是因為它們實施的系統並不是為再生能源的獨特需求而設計的——這個系統是為適應化石燃料而建立的一個多世紀的系統。化石系統的特點是深度垂直性和圍繞整個地球的供應鏈上數百名參與者之間的雙邊合約。但我們需要的是一個圍繞本地生產的能源橫向構建的系統，由數十億生產者和活躍消費者多邊共享。

The power of the community

社區的力量

History proves that it can be done. At the dawn of the electricity era, power grids were strictly a city thing, as rural areas lacked the infrastructure to go connected and weren’t profitable enough for electricity providers due to their sparse population. Therefore, many communities around the world build the required infrastructure themselves, organizing in decentralized cooperatives. Citizens were incentivised to join because they directly reaped the benefits of this new infrastructure.

歷史證明這是可以做到的。在電力時代的初期，電網完全是城市的事情，因為農村地區缺乏連接的基礎設施，而且由於人口稀少，電力供應商無法獲得足夠的利潤。因此，世界各地的許多社區自己建造所需的基礎設施，並組織分散的合作社。公民有動力加入，因為他們直接獲得了這項新基礎設施的好處。

As our use of fossil fuels accelerated, we began consuming these resources at a rate far exceeding their natural formation, burning in a single year what took millions of years to accumulate in the Earth's crust. This caused the energy industry to become increasingly complex, and consumers increasingly detached from the origin and impact of their energy use.

隨著我們對化石燃料的使用加速，我們開始以遠遠超過其自然形成的速度消耗這些資源，一年之內就燃燒掉了地殼中數百萬年累積的資源。這導致能源產業變得越來越複雜，消費者越來越脫離其能源使用的來源和影響。

In the future, stabilizing the energy system will rely less on physical and more on virtual infrastructure, i.e. the real-time exchange of information among all market participants. And once again, the infrastructure to realize this is not in place.

未來，穩定能源系統將減少對實體基礎設施的依賴，更依賴虛擬基礎設施，即所有市場參與者之間的即時資訊交換。再一次，實現這一目標的基礎設施還沒有到位。

As we stand on the threshold of a climate disaster, it’s time to flex the power of the community once again. There’s no point in looking up to Big Energy or ever-bickering governments — in this story, the everyman is the hero. And the good news is, this time we have the technology that marries the power-to-the-people approach with the borderless scale Big Energy can only dream of.

當我們站在氣候災難的門檻上時，是時候再次發揮社區的力量了。仰望大能源公司或不斷爭吵的政府是沒有意義的──在這個故事中，普通人就是英雄。好消息是，這次我們擁有了將「權力惠民」方式與大能源夢寐以求的無國界規模相結合的技術。

DePIN to the rescue

DePIN 來救援

The solution is called DePIN, or Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks. DePINs are “decentralized applications that use tokens to incentivise communities to build physical infrastructure networks (think mobility, electric vehicle charging, telecoms etc.) from the ground up.”

該解決方案稱為 DePIN，即去中心化實體基礎設施網路。 DePIN 是“去中心化應用程序，使用代幣激勵社區從頭開始構建物理基礎設施網絡（例如移動、電動汽車充電、電信等）。”

They are uniquely suited to address the complexities of the modern energy landscape.

它們非常適合解決現代能源格局的複雜性。

Unlike traditional systems, DePINs are not constrained by the limitations of centralized control. They operate on a blockchain-based framework that incentivizes participation through cryptographic tokens, ensuring that every contributor, whether a homeowner with solar panels or a small business with battery storage, can participate in the energy market and be rewarded for their contributions.

與傳統系統不同，DePIN 不受集中控制的限制。他們在基於區塊鏈的框架上運行，透過加密代幣激勵參與，確保每個貢獻者，無論是擁有太陽能電池板的房主還是擁有電池儲存的小型企業，都可以參與能源市場並因其貢獻而獲得獎勵。

This decentralized approach facilitates a more resilient and flexible energy system, where supply and demand can be balanced in real-time. The crucial components here are connected devices — smart fridges, smart ACs, smart anything you have at home (no, your pets don’t count) — and the anonymised data of all network participants. When the grid is struggling, individual households can automatically amp up or down their use of electricity, thus helping make the overall grid more resilient, and get token rewards through trustless smart contracts.

這種去中心化的方法有利於建立更具彈性和靈活性的能源系統，使供需可以即時平衡。這裡的關鍵組件是連網設備——智慧冰箱、智慧空調、你家中的任何智慧設備（不，你的寵物不算在內）——以及所有網路參與者的匿名數據。當電網陷入困境時，各個家庭可以自動增加或減少用電量，從而幫助提高整個電網的彈性，並透過去信任的智能合約獲得代幣獎勵。

DePINs can also enable peer-to-peer energy trading, where excess energy generated by one participant can be sold directly to another, bypassing traditional utility companies. This not only reduces output waste but also democratizes energy access, allowing individuals to take control of their energy usage and contribute to the overall stability of the grid.

DePIN 還可以實現點對點能源交易，其中一個參與者產生的多餘能源可以繞過傳統公用事業公司直接出售給另一個參與者。這不僅減少了輸出浪費，而且使能源獲取民主化，使個人能夠控制自己的能源使用，並為電網的整體穩定性做出貢獻。

The success of the Helium Network in building a decentralized wireless network and the Silencio Network in environmental monitoring demonstrates the potential of DePINs beyond the energy sector. These networks have rapidly scaled by incentivizing users to contribute to the network’s infrastructure,

Helium Network 在建構去中心化無線網路和 Silencio Network 在環境監控方面的成功證明了 DePIN 在能源領域之外的潛力。這些網路透過激勵用戶為網路基礎設施做出貢獻而迅速擴展，