我们需要 DePIN 来实现净零排放

为了尽快实现净零目标，我们必须找到一种方法，让终端消费者积极融入能源市场。答案是去中心化物理

To achieve the net-zero goal ASAP, we must find a way to actively integrate end consumers into the energy market. The answer is Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks, says Kai Siefert, founder and CEO of Combinder, a user-owned distributed energy network.

为了尽快实现净零目标，我们必须找到一种方法，让终端消费者积极融入能源市场。用户拥有的分布式能源网络 Combinder 的创始人兼首席执行官 Kai Siefert 表示，答案是去中心化物理基础设施网络。

Energy equals life. It warms, cools, and lights our homes. It moves the trucks that bring our groceries. It fuels the chips that drive the AI revolution. Energy can be considered a human right, and unless we transition to a zero-emissions economy — energy will kill us.

能量等于生命。它为我们的家供暖、制冷和照明。它移动为我们运送杂货的卡车。它为推动人工智能革命的芯片提供了动力。能源可以被视为一项人权，除非我们过渡到零排放经济，否则能源将会杀死我们。

The foundation of a zero-emissions economy lies in renewable energy sources and it requires a shift in how we consume energy. Unlike fossil fuel-based energy, they do not produce energy on demand, but whenever the sun shines and the wind blows. Therefore, to achieve the net-zero goal ASAP, we must find a way to actively integrate end consumers into the energy market.

零排放经济的基础在于可再生能源，它需要我们改变能源消费方式。与基于化石燃料的能源不同，它们不会按需生产能源，而是在阳光普照和风吹的时候生产能源。因此，要尽快实现净零目标，我们必须找到一种方法，让终端消费者积极融入能源市场。

This op-ed is part of CoinDesk's new DePIN Vertical, covering the emerging industry of decentralized physical infrastructure.

这篇专栏文章是 CoinDesk 新的 DePIN Vertical 的一部分，涵盖了去中心化物理基础设施的新兴行业。

Previous attempts to do this have largely failed. Large municipal utilities paid flat rates to households that were willing to participate in demand response programs where you were essentially expected to shut off your energy-consuming devices when prompted by a centralized signal, often an SMS. But these methods are too imprecise and costly to scale. They struggle because they are implemented within a system that is not designed for the unique demands of renewable energy—a system built over more than a century to accommodate fossil fuels. The fossil system is characterized by deep verticality and bilateral contracts between some hundred players along supply chains that encircle the entire planet. But what we need is a system that is horizontally structured around locally-produced energy, multilaterally shared between billions producers and active consumers.

之前的尝试基本上都失败了。大型市政公用事业公司向愿意参与需求响应计划的家庭支付统一费率，在该计划中，您基本上需要在中央信号（通常是短信）的提示下关闭能源消耗设备。但这些方法过于不精确，而且规模化成本高昂。它们之所以举步维艰，是因为它们实施的系统并不是为可再生能源的独特需求而设计的——这个系统是为适应化石燃料而建立的一个多世纪的系统。化石系统的特点是深度垂直性和围绕整个地球的供应链上数百名参与者之间的双边合同。但我们需要的是一个围绕本地生产的能源横向构建的系统，由数十亿生产者和活跃消费者多边共享。

The power of the community

社区的力量

History proves that it can be done. At the dawn of the electricity era, power grids were strictly a city thing, as rural areas lacked the infrastructure to go connected and weren’t profitable enough for electricity providers due to their sparse population. Therefore, many communities around the world build the required infrastructure themselves, organizing in decentralized cooperatives. Citizens were incentivised to join because they directly reaped the benefits of this new infrastructure.

历史证明这是可以做到的。在电力时代的初期，电网完全是城市的事情，因为农村地区缺乏连接的基础设施，而且由于人口稀少，电力供应商无法获得足够的利润。因此，世界各地的许多社区自己构建所需的基础设施，并组织分散的合作社。公民有动力加入，因为他们直接获得了这一新基础设施的好处。

As our use of fossil fuels accelerated, we began consuming these resources at a rate far exceeding their natural formation, burning in a single year what took millions of years to accumulate in the Earth's crust. This caused the energy industry to become increasingly complex, and consumers increasingly detached from the origin and impact of their energy use.

随着我们对化石燃料的使用加速，我们开始以远远超过其自然形成的速度消耗这些资源，一年之内就燃烧掉了地壳中数百万年积累的资源。这导致能源行业变得越来越复杂，消费者越来越脱离其能源使用的来源和影响。

In the future, stabilizing the energy system will rely less on physical and more on virtual infrastructure, i.e. the real-time exchange of information among all market participants. And once again, the infrastructure to realize this is not in place.

未来，稳定能源系统将减少对物理基础设施的依赖，更多地依赖虚拟基础设施，即所有市场参与者之间的实时信息交换。再一次，实现这一目标的基础设施还没有到位。

As we stand on the threshold of a climate disaster, it’s time to flex the power of the community once again. There’s no point in looking up to Big Energy or ever-bickering governments — in this story, the everyman is the hero. And the good news is, this time we have the technology that marries the power-to-the-people approach with the borderless scale Big Energy can only dream of.

当我们站在气候灾难的门槛上时，是时候再次发挥社区的力量了。仰望大能源公司或不断争吵的政府是没有意义的——在这个故事中，普通人就是英雄。好消息是，这一次我们拥有了将“权力惠民”方式与大能源梦寐以求的无国界规模相结合的技术。

DePIN to the rescue

DePIN 来救援

The solution is called DePIN, or Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks. DePINs are “decentralized applications that use tokens to incentivise communities to build physical infrastructure networks (think mobility, electric vehicle charging, telecoms etc.) from the ground up.”

该解决方案称为 DePIN，即去中心化物理基础设施网络。 DePIN 是“去中心化应用程序，使用代币激励社区从头开始构建物理基础设施网络（例如移动、电动汽车充电、电信等）。”

They are uniquely suited to address the complexities of the modern energy landscape.

它们非常适合解决现代能源格局的复杂性。

Unlike traditional systems, DePINs are not constrained by the limitations of centralized control. They operate on a blockchain-based framework that incentivizes participation through cryptographic tokens, ensuring that every contributor, whether a homeowner with solar panels or a small business with battery storage, can participate in the energy market and be rewarded for their contributions.

与传统系统不同，DePIN 不受集中控制的限制。他们在基于区块链的框架上运行，通过加密代币激励参与，确保每个贡献者，无论是拥有太阳能电池板的房主还是拥有电池存储的小企业，都可以参与能源市场并因其贡献而获得奖励。

This decentralized approach facilitates a more resilient and flexible energy system, where supply and demand can be balanced in real-time. The crucial components here are connected devices — smart fridges, smart ACs, smart anything you have at home (no, your pets don’t count) — and the anonymised data of all network participants. When the grid is struggling, individual households can automatically amp up or down their use of electricity, thus helping make the overall grid more resilient, and get token rewards through trustless smart contracts.

这种去中心化的方法有利于建立更具弹性和灵活性的能源系统，使供需可以实时平衡。这里的关键组件是互联设备——智能冰箱、智能空调、你家中的任何智能设备（不，你的宠物不算在内）——以及所有网络参与者的匿名数据。当电网陷入困境时，各个家庭可以自动增加或减少用电量，从而帮助提高整个电网的弹性，并通过去信任的智能合约获得代币奖励。

DePINs can also enable peer-to-peer energy trading, where excess energy generated by one participant can be sold directly to another, bypassing traditional utility companies. This not only reduces output waste but also democratizes energy access, allowing individuals to take control of their energy usage and contribute to the overall stability of the grid.

DePIN 还可以实现点对点能源交易，其中一个参与者产生的多余能源可以绕过传统公用事业公司直接出售给另一个参与者。这不仅减少了输出浪费，而且使能源获取民主化，使个人能够控制自己的能源使用，并为电网的整体稳定性做出贡献。

The success of the Helium Network in building a decentralized wireless network and the Silencio Network in environmental monitoring demonstrates the potential of DePINs beyond the energy sector. These networks have rapidly scaled by incentivizing users to contribute to the network’s infrastructure,

Helium Network 在构建去中心化无线网络和 Silencio Network 在环境监测方面的成功证明了 DePIN 在能源领域之外的潜力。这些网络通过激励用户为网络基础设施做出贡献而迅速扩展，