how etf units are created

How ETF Units Are Created1. The Authorized Participant (AP)

• The creation process begins with an Authorized Participant (AP), typically a large financial institution or brokerage firm.

2. The Creation Basket

• The AP creates a "creation basket" consisting of the underlying assets that match the composition of the ETF. For example, for an ETF tracking the S&P 500 index, the basket would contain the stocks of the 500 companies in the index.

3. The Letter of Creation

• The AP submits a "letter of creation" to the ETF sponsor (the company that manages the ETF) along with the creation basket.

4. The Sponsor's Review

• The ETF sponsor reviews the creation basket to ensure it meets the ETF's investment guidelines and liquidity requirements.

5. ETF Unit Creation

• If the creation basket is approved, the sponsor creates the corresponding number of ETF units. These units represent fractional ownership in the underlying assets of the ETF.

6. Market Delivery

• The new ETF units are then delivered to the AP, which can sell them on the secondary market to investors.

Example:

To illustrate the process, let's consider an ETF tracking the S&P 500 index.

1. An AP creates a creation basket consisting of stocks of the 500 companies in the S&P 500 index.
2. The AP submits a letter of creation to the ETF sponsor, including the creation basket.
3. The sponsor approves the basket and creates 100,000 new ETF units.
4. The units are delivered to the AP, which sells them to investors on the secondary market.

Benefits of ETF Creation:

• Provides liquidity and accessibility to the underlying assets.
• Allows large investors to execute large orders without impacting the market price.
• Ensures the ETF reflects the performance of its underlying benchmark.