What is a token standard?

Token standards like ERC-20 (Ethereum), TRC-10 (Tron), and BEP-20 (Binance Smart Chain) define fungible token behavior, differing in speed and fees. Choosing the right standard—considering factors like blockchain, token type, and cost—is crucial for developers and investors.

Mar 17, 2025 at 12:56 pm

Key Points:

• Token standards define the rules and specifications for creating and interacting with tokens on a blockchain.
• Different standards offer varying functionalities, such as fungibility, divisibility, and metadata.
• ERC-20 and TRC-10 are prominent examples, each with strengths and limitations for specific use cases.
• Understanding token standards is crucial for developers and investors navigating the crypto space.
• Choosing the right standard depends on the intended functionality and target blockchain.

What is a Token Standard?

A token standard is essentially a technical specification that dictates how a cryptocurrency token behaves on a specific blockchain. It outlines the rules and functionalities of the token, defining its properties and how it interacts with smart contracts and wallets. Think of it as a blueprint for building a token, ensuring interoperability and consistency across different applications. Without standards, each token would be unique and incompatible, hindering widespread adoption and usability.

ERC-20: The Ethereum Standard

ERC-20 is arguably the most widely recognized token standard, operating on the Ethereum blockchain. It's a technical specification that defines how fungible tokens (tokens that are interchangeable with each other, like fiat currency) should function. This includes defining functions for transferring tokens, checking balances, and approving spending limits. Its popularity stems from its ease of use and wide adoption by decentralized applications (dApps).

• Key features of ERC-20 include:

  • Fungibility: All tokens are identical and interchangeable.
  • Transferability: Tokens can be easily sent between addresses.
  • Balance checking: Users can easily check their token balances.
  • Approvals: Users can authorize spending of their tokens by other accounts.

Limitations of ERC-20

While ERC-20 is dominant, it has limitations. It primarily focuses on fungible tokens, leaving out features needed for non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Furthermore, gas fees on Ethereum can be high, impacting the cost of transactions involving ERC-20 tokens. Finally, the standard doesn't inherently support advanced features like token burning or minting mechanisms beyond those initially defined.

TRC-10: The Tron Standard

TRC-10 is a token standard used on the Tron blockchain. Similar to ERC-20, it primarily focuses on fungible tokens. However, it boasts faster transaction speeds and lower fees compared to Ethereum. This makes it an attractive option for projects seeking cost-effective and efficient token deployments.

• Key features of TRC-10 include:

  • Fast transactions: Tron's network often processes transactions much faster than Ethereum.
  • Low transaction fees: Generally cheaper than Ethereum transactions.
  • Fungibility: Similar to ERC-20, all tokens are identical.
  • Ease of deployment: The process of creating TRC-10 tokens is often simpler than ERC-20.

BEP-20: The Binance Smart Chain Standard

BEP-20 is the equivalent of ERC-20 but built for the Binance Smart Chain (BSC). It leverages the BSC's speed and low transaction costs, offering a compelling alternative to Ethereum for token deployment. Like ERC-20, it focuses on fungible tokens and shares many of its functionalities. The key differentiator is its lower gas fees and faster transaction times.

• Key features of BEP-20 include:

  • High throughput: BSC handles a large number of transactions per second.
  • Low transaction fees: Significantly cheaper than Ethereum's fees.
  • Compatibility: Many wallets and exchanges support BEP-20 tokens.
  • Interoperability with other BEP tokens: Facilitates interaction with other assets on BSC.

Beyond Fungible Tokens: ERC-721 and ERC-1155

While ERC-20, TRC-10, and BEP-20 cater to fungible tokens, Ethereum also boasts standards for non-fungible tokens (NFTs). ERC-721 is the standard for single, unique NFTs, like digital art or collectibles. ERC-1155 is a more versatile standard that can handle both fungible and non-fungible tokens within the same contract, offering flexibility for various use cases.

• Key features of ERC-721 and ERC-1155:

  • Uniqueness (ERC-721): Each token is distinct and not interchangeable.
  • Fungibility and Non-Fungibility (ERC-1155): Supports both types of tokens.
  • Metadata: Allows for rich data associated with each token.

Choosing the Right Standard

The choice of token standard depends heavily on the project's requirements. Factors to consider include:

• The target blockchain: Each standard is specific to a particular blockchain.
• The type of token: Fungible or non-fungible.
• Transaction speed and cost: Some blockchains offer faster and cheaper transactions.
• Community support and adoption: Popular standards have better tooling and community support.

Common Questions:

Q: What is the difference between ERC-20 and TRC-10?

A: Both are standards for fungible tokens, but ERC-20 is on Ethereum, known for its smart contract capabilities but higher fees, while TRC-10 is on Tron, offering faster transactions and lower fees.

Q: Can I create my own token standard?

A: While technically possible, it's generally not recommended unless there's a compelling reason to deviate from established standards. Existing standards ensure interoperability and ease of use.

Q: Are all token standards compatible?

A: No. Token standards are specific to their respective blockchains. An ERC-20 token cannot directly interact with a TRC-10 token without bridging mechanisms.

Q: What are the implications of choosing the wrong token standard?

A: Choosing an unsuitable standard can limit your token's reach, increase transaction costs, and complicate integration with other applications and exchanges.

Q: What are the future trends in token standards?

A: The future likely holds more sophisticated standards addressing interoperability, scalability, and advanced functionalities beyond those currently offered by existing standards.