Vitalik Buterin引入了新的节点类型，以平衡以太坊缩放与权力下放

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin引入了以太坊缩放策略的精致愿景 - 一种平衡了积极的L1气体限制

In a recent blog post, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, has proposed a modified vision for the cryptocurrency’s scaling strategy. This vision, which Buterin describes as "a local-node-favoring delta to the scaling roadmap," takes into account feedback and aims to balance the aggressive increases in L1 gas limit with the importance of decentralization and self-sovereignty for individual node operators.

在最近的博客文章中，以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin提出了对加密货币扩展策略的修改愿景。 Buterin将其描述为“局部节点最喜欢缩放路线图的三角洲”的愿景，考虑了反馈，并旨在平衡L1气体限制的侵略性增加与分权和自我主张对单个节点操作员的重要性。

The post, titled "A Material Local Node Point Of View," focuses on a set of technical adjustments that can be made to ensure users can still run useful, privacy-preserving local nodes even as the network scales up.

该帖子的标题为“物质本地节点的观点”，重点介绍了一组技术调整，即使网络扩展，也可以确保用户仍然可以运行有用的本地节点。

The Importance of Local Nodes

本地节点的重要性

Traditionally, a full node's role has been to validate the chain, ultimately ensuring trustlessness. With the introduction of ZK-EVMs, many have assumed this function will be sufficient, minimizing the need for individuals to run full nodes.

传统上，完整的节点的角色是验证链条，最终确保信任。随着ZK-EVM的引入，许多人认为此功能将足够，从而最大程度地减少了个人运行完整节点的需求。

However, Buterin highlights a second critical use case: enabling local, trustless, and censorship-resistant access to ETH data through personal RPC endpoints. While zero-knowledge proofs and private information retrieval (PIR) protocols can address verification and privacy concerns when using third-party RPC services, Buterin points out key limitations:

但是，Buterin强调了第二种关键用例：通过个人RPC端点启用本地，无信任和耐心访问ETH数据的访问。尽管使用第三方RPC服务时，零知识证明和私人信息检索（PIR）协议可以解决验证和隐私问题，但Buterin指出了关键局限性：

* **Cost Inefficiencies:** Fully cryptographic approaches for private information retrieval are likely to be very costly, especially for large data sets like the Ethereum state.

***成本效率低下：**完全加密信息检索可能非常昂贵，尤其是对于以太坊状态等大型数据集。

* **Metadata Privacy Leaks:** Even with PIR, there's a risk of leaking metadata, such as the type of data being requested, which could be used to infer personal information.

***元数据隐私泄漏：**即使使用PIR，也存在泄漏元数据的风险，例如所请求的数据类型，可用于推断个人信息。

* **Centralization Risks:** Relying on a small number of third-party RPC providers creates a point of centralization, which could lead to censorship or downtime.

***集中化风险：**依靠少数第三方RPC提供商会产生集中式的点，这可能导致审查或停机时间。

These vulnerabilities, Buterin argues, ultimately necessitate the continued use of running personal nodes.

Buterin认为，这些漏洞最终需要继续使用运行的个人节点。

A New Node Paradigm: Partially Stateless Nodes

一个新的节点范式：部分无状态节点

To balance the advantages of statelessness with the need for local data access, Buterin proposes a new kind of node configuration: the partially stateless node.

为了平衡无状态性的优势和对本地数据访问的需求，Buterin提出了一种新的节点配置：部分无状态节点。

This node would verify the blockchain statelessly, using methods like ZK-EVM or classic validation, but also maintain a configurable subset of the Ethereum state. This configuration would allow the node to fulfill RPC queries for relevant data, preserving privacy and autonomy.

该节点将使用ZK-EVM或经典验证的方法无调验证区块链，但也可以维护以太坊状态的可配置子集。这种配置将使节点可以满足相关数据的RPC查询，从而保留隐私和自主权。

Users could configure which parts of the state to store based on their needs—such as frequently used wallets, specific ERC-20/721 tokens, or smart contracts relevant to DeFi and privacy tools. This flexibility would give users complete control over their local access and data footprint.

用户可以根据其需求配置该州要存储的哪些部分 - 例如经常使用的钱包，特定的ERC-20/721代币或与Defi和隐私工具相关的智能合约。这种灵活性将使用户完全控制其本地访问和数据足迹。

Short- and Medium-Term Priorities

短期和中期优先级

To support this vision, Buterin recommends the immediate acceleration of several roadmap items:

为了支持这一愿景，Buterin建议立即加速几个路线图项目：

* **Increasing L1 gas limit to 100M units as soon as possible and continuing to increase it over time. This would allow for more complex computations and applications on L1.

***将L1气体限制提高到100m单位，并随着时间的推移继续增加。这将允许在L1上进行更复杂的计算和应用。

* Deploying stateless verification as soon as possible to reduce the storage footprint of nodes.

*尽快部署无状态验证以减少节点的存储足迹。

In the medium term, the rollout of stateless verification would allow nodes to operate with even less storage by removing the need to hold Merkle branches. This change would further decrease the technical barrier to entry for new node operators.

在中期，无状态验证的推出将允许节点通过删除保存默克尔分支的需求而以更少的存储空间运行。这种变化将进一步降低新节点运算符的进入技术障碍。

Local Autonomy in a Scaled Ethereum

以太坊中的本地自治

Buterin's adjusted roadmap shows a strong preference for preserving local node usability in the face of L1 scaling. This vision seems to present a valuable compromise.

Buterin的调整后路线图表现出强烈的偏爱，即面对L1缩放，可以保留本地节点可用性。这种愿景似乎提出了有价值的折衷方案。

With Buterin's proposals, Ethereum could grow 10–100x in block capacity without forcing users into centralized data dependencies or compromising on trustlessness and privacy. The partially stateless node, if widely adopted, could become a cornerstone of this balance—empowering users with high-efficiency, low-footprint tools to remain sovereign participants in the ecosystem.

有了Buterin的建议，以太坊可以以阻止容量增长10-100倍，而不会强迫用户进入集中数据依赖性或损害无信任度和隐私。部分无状态的节点（如果被广泛采用）可能会成为这种平衡的基石，可以用高效，低英尺的工具使用户保持生态系统中的主权参与者。