Vitalik Buterin引入了新的節點類型，以平衡以太坊縮放與權力下放

以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin引入了以太坊縮放策略的精緻願景 - 一種平衡了積極的L1氣體限制

In a recent blog post, Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, has proposed a modified vision for the cryptocurrency’s scaling strategy. This vision, which Buterin describes as "a local-node-favoring delta to the scaling roadmap," takes into account feedback and aims to balance the aggressive increases in L1 gas limit with the importance of decentralization and self-sovereignty for individual node operators.

在最近的博客文章中，以太坊聯合創始人Vitalik Buterin提出了對加密貨幣擴展策略的修改願景。 Buterin將其描述為“局部節點最喜歡縮放路線圖的三角洲”的願景，考慮了反饋，並旨在平衡L1氣體限制的侵略性增加與分權和自我主張對單個節點操作員的重要性。

The post, titled "A Material Local Node Point Of View," focuses on a set of technical adjustments that can be made to ensure users can still run useful, privacy-preserving local nodes even as the network scales up.

該帖子的標題為“物質本地節點的觀點”，重點介紹了一組技術調整，即使網絡擴展，也可以確保用戶仍然可以運行有用的本地節點。

The Importance of Local Nodes

本地節點的重要性

Traditionally, a full node's role has been to validate the chain, ultimately ensuring trustlessness. With the introduction of ZK-EVMs, many have assumed this function will be sufficient, minimizing the need for individuals to run full nodes.

傳統上，完整的節點的角色是驗證鏈條，最終確保信任。隨著ZK-EVM的引入，許多人認為此功能將足夠，從而最大程度地減少了個人運行完整節點的需求。

However, Buterin highlights a second critical use case: enabling local, trustless, and censorship-resistant access to ETH data through personal RPC endpoints. While zero-knowledge proofs and private information retrieval (PIR) protocols can address verification and privacy concerns when using third-party RPC services, Buterin points out key limitations:

但是，Buterin強調了第二種關鍵用例：通過個人RPC端點啟用本地，無信任和耐心訪問ETH數據的訪問。儘管使用第三方RPC服務時，零知識證明和私人信息檢索（PIR）協議可以解決驗證和隱私問題，但Buterin指出了關鍵局限性：

* **Cost Inefficiencies:** Fully cryptographic approaches for private information retrieval are likely to be very costly, especially for large data sets like the Ethereum state.

***成本效率低下：**完全加密信息檢索可能非常昂貴，尤其是對於以太坊狀態等大型數據集。

* **Metadata Privacy Leaks:** Even with PIR, there's a risk of leaking metadata, such as the type of data being requested, which could be used to infer personal information.

***元數據隱私洩漏：**即使使用PIR，也存在洩漏元數據的風險，例如所請求的數據類型，可用於推斷個人信息。

* **Centralization Risks:** Relying on a small number of third-party RPC providers creates a point of centralization, which could lead to censorship or downtime.

***集中化風險：**依靠少數第三方RPC提供商會產生集中式的點，這可能導致審查或停機時間。

These vulnerabilities, Buterin argues, ultimately necessitate the continued use of running personal nodes.

Buterin認為，這些漏洞最終需要繼續使用運行的個人節點。

A New Node Paradigm: Partially Stateless Nodes

一個新的節點範式：部分無狀態節點

To balance the advantages of statelessness with the need for local data access, Buterin proposes a new kind of node configuration: the partially stateless node.

為了平衡無狀態性的優勢和對本地數據訪問的需求，Buterin提出了一種新的節點配置：部分無狀態節點。

This node would verify the blockchain statelessly, using methods like ZK-EVM or classic validation, but also maintain a configurable subset of the Ethereum state. This configuration would allow the node to fulfill RPC queries for relevant data, preserving privacy and autonomy.

該節點將使用ZK-EVM或經典驗證的方法無調驗證區塊鏈，但也可以維護以太坊狀態的可配置子集。這種配置將使節點可以滿足相關數據的RPC查詢，從而保留隱私和自主權。

Users could configure which parts of the state to store based on their needs—such as frequently used wallets, specific ERC-20/721 tokens, or smart contracts relevant to DeFi and privacy tools. This flexibility would give users complete control over their local access and data footprint.

用戶可以根據其需求配置該州要存儲的哪些部分 - 例如經常使用的錢包，特定的ERC-20/721代幣或與Defi和隱私工具相關的智能合約。這種靈活性將使用戶完全控制其本地訪問和數據足跡。

Short- and Medium-Term Priorities

短期和中期優先級

To support this vision, Buterin recommends the immediate acceleration of several roadmap items:

為了支持這一願景，Buterin建議立即加速幾個路線圖項目：

* **Increasing L1 gas limit to 100M units as soon as possible and continuing to increase it over time. This would allow for more complex computations and applications on L1.

***將L1氣體限制提高到100m單位，並隨著時間的推移繼續增加。這將允許在L1上進行更複雜的計算和應用。

* Deploying stateless verification as soon as possible to reduce the storage footprint of nodes.

*盡快部署無狀態驗證以減少節點的存儲足跡。

In the medium term, the rollout of stateless verification would allow nodes to operate with even less storage by removing the need to hold Merkle branches. This change would further decrease the technical barrier to entry for new node operators.

在中期，無狀態驗證的推出將允許節點通過刪除保存默克爾分支的需求而以更少的存儲空間運行。這種變化將進一步降低新節點運算符的進入技術障礙。

Local Autonomy in a Scaled Ethereum

以太坊中的本地自治

Buterin's adjusted roadmap shows a strong preference for preserving local node usability in the face of L1 scaling. This vision seems to present a valuable compromise.

Buterin的調整後路線圖表現出強烈的偏愛，即面對L1縮放，可以保留本地節點可用性。這種願景似乎提出了有價值的折衷方案。

With Buterin's proposals, Ethereum could grow 10–100x in block capacity without forcing users into centralized data dependencies or compromising on trustlessness and privacy. The partially stateless node, if widely adopted, could become a cornerstone of this balance—empowering users with high-efficiency, low-footprint tools to remain sovereign participants in the ecosystem.

有了Buterin的建議，以太坊可以以阻止容量增長10-100倍，而不會強迫用戶進入集中數據依賴性或損害無信任度和隱私。部分無狀態的節點（如果被廣泛採用）可能會成為這種平衡的基石，可以用高效，低英尺的工具使用戶保持生態系統中的主權參與者。