Vitalik Buterin 的效率比：ZK-FHE 性能的新标准

Vitalik Buterin 提出了一个“效率比”来更好地衡量 ZK 和 FHE 的性能，引发了争论并旨在实现更清晰的加密货币开发。

Vitalik Buterin's Efficiency Ratio: A New Standard for ZK-FHE Performance

Vitalik Buterin 的效率比：ZK-FHE 性能的新标准

Ethereum's Vitalik Buterin is shaking things up in the crypto world again, this time with a call for a new way to measure the performance of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) and fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). His proposal centers around an "efficiency ratio," aiming to provide a clearer picture of cryptographic performance. Let's dive into what this means and why it matters.

以太坊的 Vitalik Buterin 再次震撼了加密世界，这一次他呼吁采用一种新方法来衡量零知识证明（ZK）和全同态加密（FHE）的性能。他的提议以“效率比”为中心，旨在提供更清晰的加密性能图。让我们深入了解这意味着什么以及为什么它很重要。

The Problem with Operations Per Second

每秒运算次数的问题

For too long, ZK and FHE systems have been benchmarked using "operations per second." But Buterin argues this metric lacks real-world relevance. It doesn't tell developers how encryption affects the actual speed of their applications. Imagine knowing a car can do 'N' rotations per minute—sounds impressive, but what does it mean for your commute?

长期以来，ZK 和 FHE 系统一直使用“每秒操作数”进行基准测试。但 Buterin 认为这个指标缺乏现实世界的相关性。它没有告诉开发人员加密如何影响其应用程序的实际速度。想象一下，知道一辆汽车每分钟可以旋转“N”圈——听起来令人印象深刻，但这对您的通勤意味着什么？

Enter the Efficiency Ratio (Kappa)

输入效率比 (Kappa)

Buterin's solution? An "efficiency ratio," or kappa as crypto analyst Wei Dai calls it. This ratio compares the time it takes to perform a computation with encryption versus the time it takes without it. So, if a task takes one second normally but 50 seconds with encryption, the efficiency ratio is 50. Simple, right?

Buterin 的解决方案？加密货币分析师 Wei Dai 称之为“效率比”或 kappa。该比率将使用加密执行计算所需的时间与不使用加密执行计算所需的时间进行比较。所以，如果一个任务正常需要 1 秒，而加密需要 50 秒，那么效率比就是 50。很简单，对吧？

Why This Ratio Matters

为什么这个比率很重要

• Less Hardware Dependency: It's a relative measure, not an absolute speed, making it less reliant on specific hardware configurations.
• Developer-Friendly: Developers already know how long their raw computations take, making it easier to predict cryptographic performance.
• Trade-off Transparency: It clearly shows the efficiency cost of using cryptographically secured systems.

FHE's Evolution: From Sluggish to Speedy

FHE的演变：从缓慢到快速

Historically, FHE was notoriously slow. But recent advancements are changing the game. Companies like Zama have achieved significant speed gains, with some schemes now running hundreds of transactions per second. And hardware innovations, like GPUs, promise even greater improvements.

从历史上看，FHE 的速度是出了名的慢。但最近的进步正在改变游戏规则。像 Zama 这样的公司已经取得了显着的速度提升，一些方案现在每秒运行数百笔交易。 GPU 等硬件创新有望带来更大的改进。

ZK Proofs: Making Strides Too

ZK 证明：也取得了长足进步

Zero-knowledge proof systems are also making impressive progress. Platforms like Libra and zkVMs like SP1 are achieving near-linear scaling, with some cryptographic overhead as low as 20% compared to trusted execution for large workloads.

零知识证明系统也取得了令人瞩目的进展。 Libra 等平台和 SP1 等 zkVM 正在实现近线性扩展，与大型工作负载的可信执行相比，一些加密开销低至 20%。

The Discussion Heats Up

讨论升温

Buterin's proposal has sparked lively discussions within the cryptography community. Lukas Helminger raised questions about applying ratios in FHE/MPC contexts, where network assumptions can complicate comparisons. Buterin clarified that FHE is primarily single-party, simplifying benchmarks, except for input transmission and optional threshold decryption.

Buterin 的提议引发了密码学界的热烈讨论。 Lukas Helminger 提出了有关在 FHE/MPC 环境中应用比率的问题，其中网络假设可能会使比较复杂化。 Buterin 澄清说，FHE 主要是单方的，简化了基准测试，除了输入传输和可选的阈值解密。

My Two Satoshis

我的两个中本聪

I think Buterin is onto something big here. This efficiency ratio isn't just about numbers; it's about clarity and practicality. It empowers developers to make informed decisions and optimize their applications for real-world performance. It's about time we moved beyond abstract metrics and focused on what truly matters: efficient, secure, and scalable cryptographic solutions.

我认为 Buterin 正在做一些大事。这个效率比不仅仅与数字有关，而且与数字有关。这是关于清晰度和实用性的。它使开发人员能够做出明智的决策并优化其应用程序以实现实际性能。现在是我们超越抽象指标并专注于真正重要的事情的时候了：高效、安全和可扩展的加密解决方案。

Looking Ahead

展望未来

Ultimately, Buterin's call for clearer metrics is a push towards more realistic and useful cryptographic performance assessments. As these systems evolve rapidly, this change could lead to greater transparency and accelerate the development of scalable cryptographic applications.

最终，Buterin 呼吁更清晰的指标，以推动更现实、更有用的加密性能评估。随着这些系统的快速发展，这种变化可能会带来更大的透明度并加速可扩展的加密应用程序的开发。

So, the next time you hear about ZK-FHE performance, remember the efficiency ratio. It might just be the key to unlocking the full potential of cryptographic technologies. And who knows, maybe one day we'll all be bragging about our single-digit kappa scores. Until then, keep building, keep innovating, and keep those ratios in check!

因此，下次当您听说 ZK-FHE 性能时，请记住效率比。它可能是释放密码技术全部潜力的关键。谁知道呢，也许有一天我们都会吹嘘我们单位数的 kappa 分数。在那之前，继续建设，继续创新，并控制这些比率！