2024 年，数千个第 2 层 (L2) 区块链将进入以太坊 (ETH)。这就是为什么这是一件好事

Pudgy Penguins、Bored Ape Yacht Club 和 Azuki 等主要非同质代币 (NFT) 系列已宣布推出自己的 L2

In 2024, a major talking point in crypto was the number of layer-2 (L2) blockchains being created on top of the Ethereum network. In addition to numerous traditional companies like Fox Corporations and Flipkart, major nonfungible token (NFT) collections such as Pudgy Penguins, Bored Ape Yacht Club and Azuki also announced their own L2s.

2024 年，加密货币领域的一个主要话题是在以太坊网络之上创建的第 2 层 (L2) 区块链的数量。除了 Fox Corporations 和 Flipkart 等众多传统公司之外，Pudgy Penguins、Bored Ape Yacht Club 和 Azuki 等主要非同质代币 (NFT) 系列也宣布了自己的 L2。

This sudden surge in L2s has been dismissed as hype by some. However, it is highly likely that we will see thousands of L2s emerge within the next year, which will be beneficial for the Ethereum ETHUSD ecosystem.

L2 的突然激增被一些人视为炒作。然而，我们很可能会在明年看到数千个 L2 的出现，这将有利于以太坊 ETHUSD 生态系统。

To provide some background, the Ethereum network is a first-layer blockchain (L1). While Ethereum prioritizes decentralization and security, it lacks scalability — a problem known as the blockchain trilemma, where only two of those three things can be achieved.

提供一些背景知识，以太坊网络是第一层区块链（L1）。虽然以太坊优先考虑去中心化和安全性，但它缺乏可扩展性——这个问题被称为区块链三难困境，即只能实现这三件事中的两件事。

As a result, the Ethereum network is less scalable, and executions on it are very expensive. To solve this, L2s — also known as rollups — were created. They process transactions off the Ethereum network more cheaply by consolidating them into batches and sending those batches to the Ethereum network.

因此，以太坊网络的可扩展性较差，并且其执行成本非常昂贵。为了解决这个问题，创建了 L2（也称为汇总）。他们通过将交易合并成批次并将这些批次发送到以太坊网络，以更便宜的方式处理以太坊网络上的交易。

However, this model presents two major pain points. The first is fragmentation of the Ethereum ecosystem. Market liquidity is divided across L2s, which creates a poor user experience. Users constantly need to switch their wallets between networks and “bridge” their assets. Additionally, bridges and “wrapped” assets on different networks have been major targets for hackers in recent years.

然而，该模型存在两个主要痛点。首先是以太坊生态系统的碎片化。市场流动性在 L2 之间划分，这造成了糟糕的用户体验。用户经常需要在网络之间切换钱包并“桥接”他们的资产。此外，近年来，不同网络上的桥梁和“包装”资产一直是黑客的主要目标。

The second pain point is the instability and unpredictability of transaction costs of these L2s, which is terrible for the development of various applications. One day you might pay a single cent to perform an operation, and the next that figure might be 10 or 100 times higher because some meme coin is trending and occupying all of the block space.

第二个痛点是这些L2的交易成本的不稳定性和不可预测性，这对于各种应用程序的开发来说是可怕的。有一天你可能会支付一分钱来执行一项操作，而下一天这个数字可能会增加 10 或 100 倍，因为某些 meme 币正在流行并占据了所有的区块空间。

The result is an ecosystem with fragmented liquidity, fragmented users, poor UX, vulnerability to exploits, and an environment still not suitable for applications to be developed in a financially sustainable way.

其结果是形成一个流动性分散、用户分散、用户体验差、容易被利用的生态系统，并且环境仍然不适合以财务上可持续的方式开发应用程序。

Thousands of L2s to eliminate the pain

数千个L2消除疼痛

Despite seeming complex, launching and maintaining an L2 today is extremely quick and relatively cheap. Rollup as a Service (RaaS) companies do this work and can already launch and maintain a rollup in up to six minutes for less than $1,000 per month, as is the case with RaaS Gateway.Fm.

尽管看起来很复杂，但如今启动和维护 L2 速度非常快且相对便宜。汇总即服务 (RaaS) 公司从事这项工作，并且已经可以在最多六分钟内启动和维护汇总，每月费用不到 1,000 美元，RaaS Gateway.Fm 就是这种情况。

These rollups are constructed using the chain-development kits (CDKs) of larger L2s, such as Polygon MATICUSD, Optimism (OP), Arbitrum (ARB), and ZkSync. Due to the ease of creating new L2s, two categories of blockchains have gained popularity: appchains and sector Chains.

这些汇总是使用较大 L2 的链开发套件 (CDK) 构建的，例如 Polygon MATICUSD、Optimism (OP)、Arbitrum (ARB) 和 ZkSync。由于创建新的 L2 很容易，两类区块链受到了欢迎：应用链和扇区链。

Appchains are L2s created and customized to support only one application, offering a controlled environment with cheaper and more predictable costs than building on public L2s.

应用链是为仅支持一个应用程序而创建和定制的 L2，它提供了一个受控环境，其成本比在公共 L2 上构建更便宜且更可预测。

Sector chains are blockchains (usually permissioned) created and customized to serve a specific sector, such as gaming or real-world assets (RWAs).

部门链是为服务特定部门（例如游戏或现实世界资产（RWA））而创建和定制的区块链（通常经过许可）。

By themselves, these environments are more suitable for financially sustainable on-chain development. But they come with an additional benefit: Their customization for specific use cases enables greater efficiency than public L2s, which are built for generalized use.

就其本身而言，这些环境更适合财务上可持续的链上开发。但它们还有一个额外的好处：它们针对特定用例的定制比为通用用途而构建的公共 L2 具有更高的效率。

Of course, these new chains do lead to greater fragmentation. That issue is being partially resolved by the same L2s that provide the CDKs for the rest of the market. Polygon, Optimism, and ZkSync are building liquidity aggregation layers that will make thousands of appchains and sector chains seem like one.

当然，这些新的链条确实会导致更大的碎片化。这个问题正在通过为市场其他部分提供 CDK 的相同 L2 得到部分解决。 Polygon、Optimism 和 ZkSync 正在构建流动性聚合层，这将使数千个应用链和扇区链看起来像是一个。

AggLayer, a liquidity aggregation layer created by Polygon, is a project that stands out in this area. It’s at the forefront of developing an aggregation layer that uses zero-knowledge (ZK) proof technology. (ZK is not only key to achieving instant interoperability between chains connected to AggLayer, but also to making these chains cheaper in the future.)

AggLayer是Polygon创建的流动性聚合层，是该领域中脱颖而出的项目。它处于开发使用零知识 (ZK) 证明技术的聚合层的最前沿。 （ZK 不仅是实现连接到 AggLayer 的链之间即时互操作性的关键，而且也是使这些链在未来变得更便宜的关键。）

Big names including OKX, Ronin, ImmutableX, Telegram Open Network (TON) and Fox Corporation have or are in the process of connecting L2s to AggLayer.Cointelegraph

OKX、Ronin、ImmutableX、Telegram Open Network (TON) 和 Fox Corporation 等知名公司已经或正在将 L2 连接到 AggLayer。Cointelegraph

Even Ronin — one of the biggest gaming blockchains in the world — announced in June that it was considering the possibility of transitioning from an L1 to an L2 connected to AggLayer. That would add immense value to the Ethereum ecosystem — and to Ronin itself, as it could dedicate less energy to infrastructure and spend more time acquiring new games and ensuring their success.

就连世界上最大的游戏区块链之一 Ronin 在 6 月也宣布，正在考虑从 L1 过渡到连接 AggLayer 的 L2 的可能性。这将为以太坊生态系统以及 Ronin 本身增加巨大的价值，因为它可以将更少的精力投入到基础设施上，而花更多的时间来获取新游戏并确保它们的成功。

It’s clear that thousands of appchains and sector chains are coming, and that they will be crucial to financially sustainable on-chain development. ZK aggregation layers will solve much of the fragmentation pain that we’re experiencing today. It’s an inviting dynamic for other L1s to migrate to the Ethereum ecosystem to take advantage of increasingly unified liquidity — enabling them to focus less on infrastructure and more on acquiring and

很明显，数以千计的应用链和部门链即将到来，它们对于财务上可持续的链上发展至关重要。 ZK 聚合层将解决我们今天遇到的大部分碎片问题。对于其他 L1 来说，迁移到以太坊生态系统以利用日益统一的流动性是一种诱人的动力，使他们能够减少对基础设施的关注，而更多地关注收购和