与来自 NiceHash 的 Marko Tarman 一起应对比特币挖矿行业的成熟问题

比特币问世已经过去十五年了，它为我们使用和看待金钱的方式提供了真正的替代方案。

Bitcoin's launch fifteen years ago provided a genuine option for how we utilize and regard money. The core innovation that made Bitcoin the first real cryptocurrency was the idea of its consensus mechanism, which allowed for ordering transactions in a verifiable way backed by Proof of Work (PoW).

十五年前比特币的推出为我们如何使用和看待金钱提供了真正的选择。使比特币成为第一个真正的加密货币的核心创新是其共识机制的理念，该机制允许以工作证明（PoW）支持的可验证方式排序交易。

The first few years of Bitcoin saw people just devote their home computers to securing this network, and very little activity otherwise.

比特币出现的最初几年，人们只是将自己的家用计算机用于保护该网络，除此之外几乎没有其他活动。

Today, the landscape of cryptocurrencies has changed significantly, making it easier and more common for users to engage with digital currencies.

如今，加密货币的格局发生了巨大变化，使用户更容易、更普遍地使用数字货币。

Users do not need to set up mines with their computers, and Proof of Work itself has steadily decreased in market share as alternatives came about — most importantly, Proof of Stake (PoS) became the dominant mechanism after Ethereum switched to it in 2022.

用户不需要用电脑设置矿场，而且随着替代方案的出现，工作量证明本身的市场份额也在稳步下降——最重要的是，在以太坊于 2022 年转向权益证明（PoS）后，它成为了主导机制。

Nonetheless, miners remain a crucial part of the crypto community. While the process of mining itself has changed, becoming more centralized and being managed by large computer centers, companies such as NiceHash continue to serve small and big miners across the world, adapting their model from the previous GPU-first miners to primarily leveraging ASICs.

尽管如此，矿工仍然是加密社区的重要组成部分。虽然挖矿过程本身已经发生了变化，变得更加集中并由大型计算机中心管理，但 NiceHash 等公司继续为世界各地的小型和大型矿工提供服务，将其模型从以前的 GPU 优先矿工调整为主要利用 ASIC。

Marko Tarman, a veteran of professional mining since the early days, is today Lead Mining Manager at NiceHash, and he agreed to discuss with us about how and why the process of mining has changed and how it can fit the current and future DeFi and crypto landscape.

Marko Tarman 是早期专业挖矿领域的资深人士，如今担任 NiceHash 的首席挖矿经理，他同意与我们讨论挖矿过程如何以及为何发生变化，以及它如何适应当前和未来的 DeFi 和加密货币景观。

Hello Marko. You’ve been around for a while, and mining is definitely one of the aspects of crypto that changed the strongest since its initial ‘glory days.’ At first, anyone with a computer could mine, while today the process requires much more specialization and larger industrial bases. Do you miss the old days?

你好，马可。你已经存在了一段时间了，挖矿绝对是加密货币自最初的“辉煌岁月”以来变化最强烈的方面之一。起初，任何拥有计算机的人都可以挖矿，而如今，这个过程需要更加专业化和更大的工业基础。你怀念以前的日子吗？

MT: In a way, yes, I miss the old days. However, we often look at the past through rose-colored glasses, seeing it as nicer than it was. There was a lot of learning and mistakes back then. The amount of effort a miner had to put in to set up even a small farm was immense. There were no guides or established practices to follow. The bitcointalk.org forum was where people shared their ideas, which was both intriguing and satisfying as it involved learning and solving new challenges.

MT：在某种程度上，是的，我怀念过去的日子。然而，我们常常带着玫瑰色的眼镜来看待过去，认为它比过去更美好。那时有很多学习和错误。即使是建立一个小农场，矿工也需要付出巨大的努力。没有可遵循的指南或既定做法。 bitcointalk.org 论坛是人们分享想法的地方，这既有趣又令人满意，因为它涉及学习和解决新挑战。

Today, it's all about the price of electricity and the efficiency of miners. The industry has grown significantly in the last two years. There are now playbooks on how to build mining sites and companies specializing in different parts of the process, which signifies an evolving and maturing industry.

如今，一切都与电价和矿工效率有关。该行业在过去两年中取得了显着增长。现在有关于如何建设采矿场和专门从事该过程不同部分的公司的手册，这标志着一个不断发展和成熟的行业。

Do you think ASIC technology has “peaked” as we get closer to the end of Moore’s law? Would you see the mining market changing in response?

当我们接近摩尔定律的终结时，您认为 ASIC 技术是否已经“达到顶峰”？您认为采矿市场会因此而发生变化吗？

MT: No, I think ASIC manufacturers will continue to evolve their machines. Even if chip performance can't be doubled, ASIC manufacturers will find ways to enhance machines with higher hashrates or improved power consumption. They can increase cooling capabilities, allowing for higher chip density on the boards. We're already seeing hydro models and various immersion tanks at conferences. Two-phase immersion tanks, which are far more efficient than single-phase immersion, are also being developed, boosting the performance of existing ASIC machines.

MT：不，我认为 ASIC 制造商将继续改进他们的机器。即使芯片性能无法翻倍，ASIC 制造商也会想方设法通过更高的算力或改善功耗来增强机器。它们可以提高冷却能力，从而提高电路板上的芯片密度。我们已经在会议上看到了水力模型和各种浸入式水箱。比单相浸入式效率高得多的两相浸入式水箱也在开发中，可提高现有 ASIC 机器的性能。

These innovations will ensure the Bitcoin network hashrate continues to rise.

这些创新将确保比特币网络哈希率持续上升。

Politically, we’re living through a more intense period of scrutiny and regulation. Do you think these will involve mining as well? Do you think geopolitics may affect the industry in the future?

在政治上，我们正经历一个更严格的审查和监管时期。您认为这些也会涉及采矿吗？您认为地缘政治未来会对行业产生影响吗？

Tackling the Maturity of The Bitcoin Mining Industry with Marko Tarman from NiceHash

与来自 NiceHash 的 Marko Tarman 一起应对比特币挖矿行业的成熟问题

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大市场和加密货币新闻：美国股市下跌、DeFi 面临风险、Ripple 推出稳定币等

MT: Yes, definitely. We are already seeing governments supporting Bitcoin mining. In the US, particularly, there are many groups spreading awareness about Bitcoin mining and its importance.

MT：是的，当然。我们已经看到政府支持比特币挖矿。特别是在美国，有许多团体在宣传比特币挖矿及其重要性。

Governments might provide significant financial endorsements to gain voting and controlling power over Bitcoin by controlling a larger portion of the network hashrate.

政府可能会提供重要的财政支持，通过控制大部分网络算力来获得投票权和对比特币的控制权。

Besides environmental concerns, one of the criticisms against Proof of Work is how centralized it is, as miners are painted now as huge companies controlling the entire industry. How would you respond to such criticism?

除了环境问题之外，对工作量证明的批评之一是它的中心化程度，因为矿工现在被描绘成控制整个行业的大公司。你会如何回应这样的批评？

MT: I would partly agree with that. Pools represent centralized entities and they are the ones interacting with the blockchain. Fortunately, miners can easily switch pools if they disagree with the pool's actions.

MT：我部分同意这一点。池代表中心化实体，它们是与区块链交互的实体。幸运的是，如果矿工不同意矿池的行为，他们可以轻松切换矿池。

However, most miners are primarily concerned with profits, and they might overlook instances where a pool censors certain transactions in exchange for higher payouts.

然而，大多数矿工主要关心的是利润，他们可能会忽略矿池审查某些交易以换取更高支出的情况。

Until upgrades are made to address potential centralization risks or a better method for validating transactions is discovered, Proof of Work remains the best-known method for transaction validation. To be clear, Proof of Stake is not a viable solution.

在进行升级以解决潜在的中心化风险或发现更好的交易验证方法之前，工作量证明仍然是最著名的交易验证方法。需要明确的是，权益证明并不是一个可行的解决方案。

There are very few major Proof of Work coins left today — Bitcoin, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum Classic come to mind. Especially for ETC, why do you think no community banded around it as the “PoW alternative” to

如今，主要的工作证明币已经所剩无几了——比特币、莱特币、比特币现金和以太坊经典。特别是对于 ETC，你认为为什么没有社区将其作为“PoW 替代品”