NFT 泡沫和潜在的洗钱：事情本来不必如此

与数字货币行业的惯例一样，芬兹纳在推特上的声明包含了一个微妙的谎言。 SEC 不会针对创作者和艺术家采取行动

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Gary Gensler may be the most despised figure in the digital currency industry.

美国证券交易委员会（SEC）主席加里·詹斯勒（Gary Gensler）可能是数字货币行业最受鄙视的人物。

Since his appointment by President Joe Biden in February 2021, Gensler has wasted no time in fulfilling his promise to tame the Wild West era of ‘crypto’ with gusto. With lawsuits against Binance and Coinbase (NASDAQ: COIN), a clampdown on initial coin offerings (ICOs), and massive fines for firms like BlockFi for failing to register as a lending product, it’s clear that the SEC means business.

自 2021 年 2 月被乔·拜登总统任命以来，Gensler 立即兑现了他的承诺，满怀热情地驯服“加密货币”的狂野西部时代。随着针对 Binance 和 Coinbase（纳斯达克股票代码：COIN）的诉讼、对首次代币发行（ICO）的打击，以及对 BlockFi 等公司因未能注册为借贷产品而被处以巨额罚款，很明显 SEC 是认真的。

Last week, the non-fungible token (NFT) platform OpenSea became the latest recipient of SEC enforcement actions when it received a Wells Notice alleging that some NFTs on the platform could be considered unregistered securities.

上周，不可替代代币（NFT）平台 OpenSea 收到了 Wells 通知，声称该平台上的某些 NFT 可能被视为未注册证券，成为 SEC 执法行动的最新接收者。

Predictably, OpenSea co-founder Devin Finzer took to X, stating, “We’re shocked that the SEC would make such a sweeping statement against artists and creators.” Yet, it did, and ironically, it never had to be this way.

不出所料，OpenSea 联合创始人 Devin Finzer 在接受 X 采访时表示：“我们对 SEC 会对艺术家和创作者做出如此全面的声明感到震惊。”然而，事实确实如此，而且具有讽刺意味的是，事情本来不必如此。

The NFT bubble and potential money laundering

NFT 泡沫和潜在的洗钱

As usual in the digital currency industry, Finzer’s statement on X contains a subtle lie. The SEC is not acting against creators and artists but against a company that facilitated the trade of NFTs, some of which may be unregistered securities.

与数字货币行业的惯例一样，Finzer 关于 X 的声明包含了一个微妙的谎言。 SEC 并不是针对创作者和艺术家，而是针对一家促进 NFT 交易的公司，其中一些 NFT 可能是未注册的证券。

Whether OpenSea actively facilitated the perception that NFTs are investment opportunities will be determined in court and will likely be one of the factors deciding the case. Regardless, it certainly promoted them, leading at least one employee to insider trade based on which NFTs the platform would draw attention to next.

OpenSea 是否积极促进人们认为 NFT 是投资机会将由法庭决定，并且很可能成为决定此案的因素之一。无论如何，它确实促进了这些 NFT，导致至少一名员工进行内幕交易，并根据该平台接下来会引起人们关注的 NFT 进行交易。

Regardless of OpenSea’s role, in early s2021, the idea that NFTs were investments was rife. Beeple’s ‘Everydays: The First 5000 Days’ sold for a whopping $69 million, Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) NFTs sold for millions a piece, and Stoner Cats brought the Ethereum blockchain to a standstill.

无论 OpenSea 扮演什么角色，在 2021 年初，“NFT 是投资”的想法很盛行。 Beeple 的《Everydays: The First 5000 Days》以 6900 万美元的价格售出，Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) NFT 的售价为每件数百万美元，而 Stoner Cats 则让以太坊区块链陷入停滞。

Who would pay such colossal sums for JPEGs? Part of the problem is that nobody knows. Without any direct link between blockchain wallets and identity, it’s challenging to figure out who bought and sold these NFTs. This has led the U.S. Treasury to flag NFTs and platforms that sell them as a potential vehicle for money laundering.

谁会为 JPEG 支付如此巨额的费用？部分问题在于没人知道。区块链钱包和身份之间没有任何直接联系，因此很难弄清楚谁购买和出售了这些 NFT。这导致美国财政部将 NFT 和销售 NFT 的平台标记为潜在的洗钱工具。

It never had to be this way

本来不必是这样的

What do Coinbase, Binance, OpenSea and other SEC lawsuit recipients have in common? They are centralized entities that facilitate the buying and selling of digital currencies, NFTs, and other tokens for a fee. Thus, they are legal entities subject to the laws of their jurisdictions.

Coinbase、Binance、OpenSea 和其他 SEC 诉讼接受者有什么共同点？它们是中心化实体，促进数字货币、NFT 和其他代币的付费买卖。因此，它们是法人实体，受其管辖范围内的法律管辖。

Even so-called ‘decentralized’ platforms like Uniswap were created by a centralized entity, hence the SEC enforcement against Uniswap Labs. While the Uniswap platform governance is controlled by a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) consisting of UNI token holders, Uniswap Labs spearheaded its initial development and launch. It also distributed the UNI token via airdrop.

即使像 Uniswap 这样的所谓“去中心化”平台也是由中心化实体创建的，因此 SEC 对 Uniswap 实验室进行了执法。虽然 Uniswap 平台治理由由 UNI 代币持有者组成的去中心化自治组织 (DAO) 控制，但 Uniswap Labs 率先开发和推出了该平台。它还通过空投分发 UNI 代币。

This is likely why Satoshi Nakamoto, the inventor of Bitcoin, did not take this approach. He/she/they issued all Bitcoin tokens at zero value, and the Bitcoin protocol distributes them to miners to provide proof of work. This is why Gensler has clarified that Bitcoin is not a security and that the SEC has never filed a lawsuit against Satoshi Nakamoto.

这可能就是比特币的发明者中本聪没有采取这种方法的原因。他/她/他们以零价值发行所有比特币代币，比特币协议将它们分发给矿工以提供工作证明。这就是为什么 Gensler 澄清比特币不是证券，并且 SEC 从未对中本聪提起诉讼。

Satoshi also clearly intended Bitcoin to be a peer-to-peer electronic cash system rather than digital gold or a speculative investment. He wanted to empower artists and creators to engage in P2P commerce on the blockchain without needing centralized, fee-taking entities like OpenSea.

中本聪还明确希望比特币成为一种点对点电子现金系统，而不是数字黄金或投机性投资。他希望让艺术家和创作者能够在区块链上参与 P2P 商务，而无需像 OpenSea 这样的中心化收费实体。

Had Satoshi’s vision not been hijacked, it’s unlikely the SEC would be involved in the industry at all. The Bitcoin protocol he created can facilitate all sorts of innovation and transaction types, including the minting of unique tokens (NFTs), the use of smart contracts and just about everything else developers can dream of.

如果中本聪的愿景没有被劫持，美国证券交易委员会根本不可能介入该行业。他创建的比特币协议可以促进各种创新和交易类型，包括独特代币（NFT）的铸造、智能合约的使用以及开发人员可以梦想的一切。

Everything happening to Coinbase, Binance, OpenSea, and others is a reckoning of their own making. Many of these entities know the truth about Bitcoin and what it was intended to be, and they suppress that truth to profit from middleman activities. After all, as long as Bitcoin doesn’t scale, companies like Binance and OpenSea are required to facilitate off-chain trading. Handily, they can also list and promote the tokens they wish to their millions of customers, profiting from the price rise that often follows.

Coinbase、Binance、OpenSea 和其他公司发生的一切都是他们自己造成的。这些实体中的许多人都知道比特币的真相及其意图，并且他们压制这一真相以从中间人活动中获利。毕竟，只要比特币无法扩容，像币安和 OpenSea 这样的公司就需要促进链下交易。他们还可以轻松地向数百万客户列出和推广他们想要的代币，从随之而来的价格上涨中获利。

Yet, all is not lost. The original Bitcoin protocol is alive and well, scaling to millions of transactions per second at fractions of a cent. These days, it’s known as the BSV blockchain, and all NFTs are being used innovatively and with a value-creating mindset. Items in the supply chain, in-game items, trading cards, real-world assets, and intellectual property (IP) rights all live on BSV as NFTs.

然而，一切并没有失去。最初的比特币协议仍然存在并且运行良好，可以以不到一美分的价格扩展到每秒数百万笔交易。如今，它被称为 BSV 区块链，所有 NFT 都以创新方式并以创造价值的思维方式使用。供应链中的物品、游戏内物品、交易卡、现实世界资产和知识产权 (IP) 都以 NFT 的形式存在于 BSV 上。

Much like blockchain technology and digital currencies, NFTs will emerge from the ashes, and the world will realize their utility

就像区块链技术和数字货币一样，NFT 将从灰烬中重生，世界将意识到它们的效用