数据索引器：释放多链区块链数据力量的关键

区块链旨在让人们能够更好地控制自己的体验和财务，而无需集中服务

Blockchain technology is renowned for empowering individuals to exert greater control over their experiences and finances, eliminating the need for centralized services. However, this capability is contingent upon users being able to access the data stored within the blockchain.

区块链技术因使个人能够更好地控制自己的经验和财务而闻名，从而消除了对中心化服务的需求。然而，此功能取决于用户能够访问存储在区块链中的数据。

When Satoshi Nakamoto conceived the world's first blockchain, rendering it accessible was a relatively straightforward endeavor. In a multichain landscape comprising hundreds of decentralized networks, this task has become considerably more arduous, especially in the absence of specialized tools for data retrieval.

当中本聪构想世界上第一个区块链时，使其易于访问是一项相对简单的工作。在由数百个去中心化网络组成的多链环境中，这项任务变得更加艰巨，特别是在缺乏专门的数据检索工具的情况下。

Despite being inherently open and public, blockchain poses challenges for users attempting to access the data it stores. This difficulty stems from Nakamoto's oversight in not fully considering a world populated by numerous blockchains and Layer-2 networks built upon them. As a result, blockchain lacks a reliable mechanism for users to comprehensively read the data stored within it.

尽管区块链本质上是开放和公开的，但它给试图访问其存储的数据的用户带来了挑战。这种困难源于中本聪的疏忽，没有充分考虑到一个由众多区块链和建立在它们之上的第二层网络组成的世界。因此，区块链缺乏可靠的机制让用户全面读取其中存储的数据。

For instance, if a decentralized application (dApp) endeavors to ascertain the history of transactions on Solana, it must navigate more than 300 terabytes of data—a volume that relentlessly expands with each new transaction and block.

例如，如果一个去中心化应用程序 (dApp) 试图确定 Solana 上的交易历史，它必须浏览超过 300 TB 的数据——这个数据量会随着每个新交易和区块而不断扩大。

The Plight of Storing Data in Blocks

区块存储数据的困境

The preferred method for accessing on-chain data is through an RPC node. RPC stands for "remote procedure call" and serves as the protocol employed by individual nodes to communicate with the blockchain.

访问链上数据的首选方法是通过 RPC 节点。 RPC 代表“远程过程调用”，作为各个节点与区块链通信所采用的协议。

Yet, utilizing RPC calls to search the blockchain proves to be a laborious process, owing to the manner in which these decentralized ledgers process and sequentially store their data, adding one block after another.

然而，利用 RPC 调用来搜索区块链被证明是一个费力的过程，因为这些去中心化账本处理和顺序存储数据的方式，一个接一个地添加区块。

As more blocks are appended to the blockchain, it grows in length, scattering critical data throughout the chain and categorizing it based on the time of its creation. Unfortunately, this renders blockchains incredibly disorganized.

随着越来越多的区块被添加到区块链中，它的长度也会增加，将关键数据分散在整个链中，并根据其创建时间对其进行分类。不幸的是，这使得区块链变得极其混乱。

While searching for data within a specific block or information pertaining to a particular account remains relatively manageable, more complex searches that span multiple blocks present a significant challenge.

虽然搜索特定块内的数据或与特定帐户相关的信息仍然相对易于管理，但跨越多个块的更复杂的搜索提出了重大挑战。

Due to the dispersed nature of the data, retrieving the necessary information takes an extended period, posing difficulties for dApps that rely on such data to execute their smart contract logic as intended.

由于数据的分散性，检索必要的信息需要较长的时间，这给依赖此类数据按预期执行智能合约逻辑的 dApp 带来了困难。

Although EVM-based chains share an interoperable data scheme that facilitates easier searches, this convenience does not extend to SVM chains and other popular networks. Consequently, anyone working with data at multichain scales encounters substantial headaches.

尽管基于 EVM 的链共享可互操作的数据方案，使搜索变得更加容易，但这种便利性并没有扩展到 SVM 链和其他流行的网络。因此，任何处理多链规模数据的人都会遇到很大的麻烦。

Who Stands to Benefit from Blockchain Data?

谁将从区块链数据中受益？

Access to blockchain data is paramount for modern dApps, as it enables their most advanced features, including analytics tools and smart contracts.

访问区块链数据对于现代 dApp 至关重要，因为它支持其最先进的功能，包括分析工具和智能合约。

For example, DeFi applications can be vastly improved by accessing multichain data, as this allows them to tap into much greater liquidity, ultimately providing a better experience for users, with real-time updates about what’s happening across numerous blockchains. NFT marketplaces can also benefit from being able to access blockchain data, as this will enable them to provide users with more insights about collections on different chains, their prices and what people are doing with them.

例如，通过访问多链数据可以极大地改进 DeFi 应用程序，因为这使它们能够利用更大的流动性，最终为用户提供更好的体验，并实时更新多个区块链上发生的情况。 NFT 市场还可以从能够访问区块链数据中受益，因为这将使他们能够为用户提供有关不同链上的集合、其价格以及人们如何使用它们的更多见解。

Another example is SocialFi protocols such as Farcaster and Lens, which need to store much more than just transaction details, such as all of the information about who is following who and what those people are posting and saying to each other. Fetching all of this data involves some serious searching.

另一个例子是 Farcaster 和 Lens 等 SocialFi 协议，它们需要存储的不仅仅是交易详细信息，例如有关谁在关注谁以及这些人彼此发布和交谈的内容的所有信息。获取所有这些数据需要进行一些认真的搜索。

Furthermore, there are countless scenarios in which easy-to-access blockchain data can pave the way for even more advanced use cases, such as decentralized AI. For instance, large language models could use on-chain data such as social graphs to curate content, identify trends and generate participant’s reputation scores, based on their previous blockchain interactions.

此外，在无数场景中，易于访问的区块链数据可以为更高级的用例（例如去中心化人工智能）铺平道路。例如，大型语言模型可以使用社交图谱等链上数据来根据参与者之前的区块链交互来策划内容、识别趋势并生成参与者的声誉评分。

Blockchain is poised to become the foundation of a new generation of more sophisticated dApps, but in order for that vision to become a reality, developers need an easy way to access them.

区块链有望成为新一代更复杂的 dApp 的基础，但为了使这一愿景成为现实，开发人员需要一种简单的方法来访问它们。

Easing Access with Data Indexers

使用数据索引器轻松访问

The gateway to the blockchain data kingdom lies in data indexers, which are protocols that index the entire contents of a blockchain network by scanning every block posted to it. They store this information in a format that’s more consistent and simpler to query, something more akin to an SQL database, for instance. Some of the main examples of these data indexers include The Graph and SQD.

区块链数据王国的门户在于数据索引器，这些协议通过扫描发布到区块链网络的每个块来索引区块链网络的全部内容。他们以更一致、更易于查询的格式存储这些信息，例如更类似于 SQL 数据库的格式。这些数据索引器的一些主要示例包括 The Graph 和 SQD。

Blockchain data indexers are decentralized protocols that perform the role of the middleman when it comes to searching blockchains, making the information within them more easily accessible for developers.

区块链数据索引器是去中心化协议，在搜索区块链时扮演中间人的角色，使开发人员更容易访问其中的信息。

The advantage of data indexers is that blockchain data can be stored in a more logical, searchable way. So a smart contract, for instance, can be stored alongside all of the transaction IDs and block numbers associated with it, making that information easier to retrieve.

数据索引器的优点是区块链数据可以以更符合逻辑、可搜索的方式存储。例如，智能合约可以与所有交易 ID 和与其关联的区块号一起存储，从而使该信息更易于检索。

Data indexers are written in high-performance code that’s designed to facilitate rapid queries, and they consist of a database to store that data in a more logically organized way, plus APIs for accessing that database. They also require an archive node that keeps fetching any new transactions as blocks are added to the chain, ensuring they’re able to access the most up to date information.

数据索引器是用高性能代码编写的，旨在促进快速查询，它们由一个以更逻辑组织的方式存储数据的数据库以及用于访问该数据库的 API 组成。他们还需要一个存档节点，当区块添加到链中时，该节点不断获取任何新交易，以确保他们能够访问最新的信息。

With a data indexer, developers won’t have to worry about what’s happening on the multiple

有了数据索引器，开发人员就不必担心多个数据上发生了什么