什麼是 Zk-Rollups？

零知識總結（Zk-rollups）是區塊鏈網路的一種第 2 層擴展解決方案。它們旨在增強可擴展性

What Are Zk-Rollups?

什麼是 Zk-Rollups？

Layer 2 scaling solutions, such as rollups, are designed to enhance the scalability and efficiency of blockchain networks. They achieve this by bundling (or rolling up) multiple transactions into a single batch to process them off-chain. Among the different types of rollups, zk-rollups (short for zero-knowledge rollups) stand out due to their unique properties and advantages.

第 2 層擴展解決方案（例如匯總）旨在增強區塊鏈網路的可擴展性和效率。他們透過將多個交易捆綁（或匯總）到一個批次中以在鏈外處理它們來實現這一點。在不同類型的rollups中，zk-rollups（零知識rollups的縮寫）因其獨特的屬性和優勢而脫穎而出。

How Do Zk-Rollups Work?

Zk-Rollups 如何運作？

Zk-rollups “roll up” multiple (up to thousands) transactions into a single batch and then process them off-chain. This way, zk-rollups significantly reduce the workload on the parent chain, allowing for faster transaction processing and reduced fees. Some of the transactions handled off-chain include token transfers, contract interactions, and other activities that would normally occur directly on the Layer 1 network.

Zk-rollups 將多個（最多數千個）交易「匯總」到單一批次中，然後在鏈下處理它們。這樣，zk-rollups 顯著減少了母鏈上的工作量，從而實現更快的交易處理並降低費用。鏈下處理的一些交易包括代幣轉移、合約互動以及通常直接在第 1 層網路上發生的其他活動。

After aggregating these transactions, a zk-rollup scaling solution generates a zero-knowledge proof, typically a zk-Snark (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) or a zk-Stark (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). These cryptographic proofs serve as mathematical guarantees that the batched transactions have been executed correctly off-chain without disclosing any transaction details.

聚合這些交易後，zk-rollup 擴展解決方案會產生零知識證明，通常是 zk-Snark（零知識簡潔非互動式知識論證）或 zk-Stark（零知識可擴展透明知識論證） 。這些加密證明作為數學保證，保證批量交易已在鏈下正確執行，而不會洩露任何交易細節。

Once the zero-knowledge proof is created, it is submitted on-chain, along with a minimal set of transaction data. This usually includes a state root (a snapshot of the overall state of the system after the batch of transactions has been processed) and a transaction root (which summarizes the batched transactions). These are submitted to a smart contract deployed on the Layer 1 blockchain.

一旦創建了零知識證明，它就會與最小的交易資料集一起提交到鏈上。這通常包括狀態根（處理批次事務後系統整體狀態的快照）和事務根（總計批次事務）。這些被提交到部署在第 1 層區塊鏈上的智慧合約。

The smart contract on the Layer 1 network verifies the validity of the zero-knowledge proof. Since the proof is mathematically sound, this verification process takes significantly less time and computational resources than processing each transaction. After the proof is verified, the Layer 1 blockchain updates its state to reflect the changes induced by the processed batch of transactions.

第一層網路上的智能合約驗證零知識證明的有效性。由於證明在數學上是合理的，因此該驗證過程比處理每筆交易所需的時間和計算資源要少得多。驗證證明後，第 1 層區塊鏈更新其狀態以反映處理的批量交易引起的變化。

Popular examples of zero knowledge Layer 2 networks include Immutable X, zkSync and Linea, among others.

零知識第 2 層網路的流行範例包括 Immutable X、zkSync 和 Linea 等。