什么是 Zk-Rollups？

零知识汇总（Zk-rollups）是区块链网络的一种第 2 层扩展解决方案。它们旨在增强可扩展性

What Are Zk-Rollups?

什么是 Zk-Rollups？

Layer 2 scaling solutions, such as rollups, are designed to enhance the scalability and efficiency of blockchain networks. They achieve this by bundling (or rolling up) multiple transactions into a single batch to process them off-chain. Among the different types of rollups, zk-rollups (short for zero-knowledge rollups) stand out due to their unique properties and advantages.

第 2 层扩展解决方案（例如汇总）旨在增强区块链网络的可扩展性和效率。他们通过将多个交易捆绑（或汇总）到一个批次中以在链外处理它们来实现这一点。在不同类型的 Rollup 中，zk-rollups（零知识 Rollup 的缩写）因其独特的属性和优势而脱颖而出。

How Do Zk-Rollups Work?

Zk-Rollups 如何工作？

Zk-rollups “roll up” multiple (up to thousands) transactions into a single batch and then process them off-chain. This way, zk-rollups significantly reduce the workload on the parent chain, allowing for faster transaction processing and reduced fees. Some of the transactions handled off-chain include token transfers, contract interactions, and other activities that would normally occur directly on the Layer 1 network.

Zk-rollups 将多个（最多数千个）交易“汇总”到单个批次中，然后在链下处理它们。这样，zk-rollups 显着减少了母链上的工作量，从而实现更快的交易处理并降低费用。链下处理的一些交易包括代币转移、合约交互以及通常直接在第 1 层网络上发生的其他活动。

After aggregating these transactions, a zk-rollup scaling solution generates a zero-knowledge proof, typically a zk-Snark (Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge) or a zk-Stark (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge). These cryptographic proofs serve as mathematical guarantees that the batched transactions have been executed correctly off-chain without disclosing any transaction details.

聚合这些交易后，zk-rollup 扩展解决方案会生成零知识证明，通常是 zk-Snark（零知识简洁非交互式知识论证）或 zk-Stark（零知识可扩展透明知识论证） 。这些加密证明作为数学保证，保证批量交易已在链下正确执行，而不会泄露任何交易细节。

Once the zero-knowledge proof is created, it is submitted on-chain, along with a minimal set of transaction data. This usually includes a state root (a snapshot of the overall state of the system after the batch of transactions has been processed) and a transaction root (which summarizes the batched transactions). These are submitted to a smart contract deployed on the Layer 1 blockchain.

一旦创建了零知识证明，它就会与最小的交易数据集一起提交到链上。这通常包括状态根（处理批量事务后系统整体状态的快照）和事务根（汇总批量事务）。这些被提交到部署在第 1 层区块链上的智能合约。

The smart contract on the Layer 1 network verifies the validity of the zero-knowledge proof. Since the proof is mathematically sound, this verification process takes significantly less time and computational resources than processing each transaction. After the proof is verified, the Layer 1 blockchain updates its state to reflect the changes induced by the processed batch of transactions.

第一层网络上的智能合约验证零知识证明的有效性。由于证明在数学上是合理的，因此该验证过程比处理每笔交易所需的时间和计算资源要少得多。验证证明后，第 1 层区块链更新其状态以反映由处理的批量交易引起的变化。

Popular examples of zero knowledge Layer 2 networks include Immutable X, zkSync and Linea, among others.

零知识第 2 层网络的流行示例包括 Immutable X、zkSync 和 Linea 等。