ZK-EVM：以太坊 L2 的未來？

加密領域幾乎普遍認為以太坊區塊鏈很好，但並不完美。

Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin has expressed support for the idea of installing an “enshrined ZK-EVM” upgrade for the blockchain.

以太坊（ETH）聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 表示支持為區塊鏈安裝「內建 ZK-EVM」升級的想法。

In a recent statement, Buterin highlighted the challenges posed by the fragmentation of multiple Layer-2 (L2) blockchains operating in isolation.

在最近的聲明中，Buterin 強調了多個孤立運作的第 2 層 (L2) 區塊鏈的碎片化所帶來的挑戰。

“Having a large number of L2s that each has its own community and its own strong points is great, but we also want to make sure that there is some level of interoperability between them,” he said.

他說：“擁有大量 L2，每個 L2 都有自己的社區和自己的優勢，這很好，但我們也希望確保它們之間存在一定程度的互通性。”

To address this issue, Buterin suggested adding a pre-state root and post-state root to each block that enters the consensus layer.

為了解決這個問題，Buterin 建議為進入共識層的每個區塊添加前狀態根和後狀態根。

“This proof doesn’t give away any extra information about the transactions themselves, just that they are correct,” he explained.

「這個證明並沒有透露有關交易本身的任何額外信息，只是證明它們是正確的，」他解釋道。

“Also, there could be an option to use multiple such proofs for even greater security.”

“此外，還可以選擇使用多個此類證明來提高安全性。”

However, Buterin noted that a single rule change could create challenges for hundreds of L2 developers and programmers on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) when it comes to compatibility, upgradability and adaptability within their existing systems.

然而，Buterin 指出，單一規則的變更可能會為以太坊虛擬機器（EVM）上的數百名 L2 開發人員和程式設計師帶來現有系統的兼容性、可升級性和適應性方面的挑戰。

“An Ethereum with enshrined ZK-EVM is probably not right around the corner,” he added.

「帶有 ZK-EVM 的以太坊可能不會馬上出現，」他補充道。

For the time being, Buterin believes that interoperable L2 ecosystems are the solution.

目前，Buterin 認為可互通的 L2 生態系統是解決方案。

“To get crypto-assets from one L2 to another quickly and cheaply, without having to make a stop on the Ethereum L1, we need a way for the L2s to talk to each other,” he said.

他說：“為了快速、廉價地將加密資產從一個 L2 轉移到另一個 L2，而不必在以太坊 L1 上停留，我們需要一種讓 L2 相互通信的方法。”

“Fortunately, a few L2 ecosystems are focused on delivering just that, most notably ZKsync’s ZK Stack and Polygon’s CDK.”

“幸運的是，一些 L2 生態系統專注於提供這一點，最著名的是 ZKsync 的 ZK Stack 和 Polygon 的 CDK。”

Buterin added that when a new blockchain network is deployed using one of these frameworks, it shares a common bridge to Ethereum with the other chains that leverage the same framework.

Buterin 補充說，當使用這些框架之一部署新的區塊鏈網路時，它與利用同一框架的其他鏈共享一個通往以太坊的公共橋樑。

“Additionally, as all the chains that use the same framework also share a common proof system, it should be possible to send cross-chain messages in an increasingly cheap and fast way, while still relying on the security of the underlying Ethereum L1.”

「此外，由於使用相同框架的所有鏈也共享一個共同的證明系統，因此應該可以以越來越便宜和快速的方式發送跨鏈訊息，同時仍然依賴底層以太坊 L1 的安全性。”