ZK-EVM：以太坊 L2 的未来？

加密领域几乎普遍认为以太坊区块链很好，但并不完美。

Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin has expressed support for the idea of installing an “enshrined ZK-EVM” upgrade for the blockchain.

以太坊（ETH）联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 表示支持为区块链安装“内置 ZK-EVM”升级的想法。

In a recent statement, Buterin highlighted the challenges posed by the fragmentation of multiple Layer-2 (L2) blockchains operating in isolation.

在最近的一份声明中，Buterin 强调了多个孤立运行的第 2 层 (L2) 区块链的碎片化带来的挑战。

“Having a large number of L2s that each has its own community and its own strong points is great, but we also want to make sure that there is some level of interoperability between them,” he said.

他说：“拥有大量 L2，每个 L2 都有自己的社区和自己的优势，这很好，但我们也希望确保它们之间存在一定程度的互操作性。”

To address this issue, Buterin suggested adding a pre-state root and post-state root to each block that enters the consensus layer.

为了解决这个问题，Buterin 建议为进入共识层的每个区块添加前状态根和后状态根。

“This proof doesn’t give away any extra information about the transactions themselves, just that they are correct,” he explained.

“这个证明并没有透露有关交易本身的任何额外信息，只是证明它们是正确的，”他解释道。

“Also, there could be an option to use multiple such proofs for even greater security.”

“此外，还可以选择使用多个此类证明来提高安全性。”

However, Buterin noted that a single rule change could create challenges for hundreds of L2 developers and programmers on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) when it comes to compatibility, upgradability and adaptability within their existing systems.

然而，Buterin 指出，单一规则的更改可能会给以太坊虚拟机（EVM）上的数百名 L2 开发人员和程序员带来现有系统的兼容性、可升级性和适应性方面的挑战。

“An Ethereum with enshrined ZK-EVM is probably not right around the corner,” he added.

“带有 ZK-EVM 的以太坊可能不会马上出现，”他补充道。

For the time being, Buterin believes that interoperable L2 ecosystems are the solution.

目前，Buterin 认为可互操作的 L2 生态系统是解决方案。

“To get crypto-assets from one L2 to another quickly and cheaply, without having to make a stop on the Ethereum L1, we need a way for the L2s to talk to each other,” he said.

他说：“为了快速、廉价地将加密资产从一个 L2 转移到另一个 L2，而不必在以太坊 L1 上停留，我们需要一种让 L2 相互通信的方法。”

“Fortunately, a few L2 ecosystems are focused on delivering just that, most notably ZKsync’s ZK Stack and Polygon’s CDK.”

“幸运的是，一些 L2 生态系统专注于提供这一点，最著名的是 ZKsync 的 ZK Stack 和 Polygon 的 CDK。”

Buterin added that when a new blockchain network is deployed using one of these frameworks, it shares a common bridge to Ethereum with the other chains that leverage the same framework.

Buterin 补充说，当使用这些框架之一部署新的区块链网络时，它与利用同一框架的其他链共享一个通往以太坊的公共桥梁。

“Additionally, as all the chains that use the same framework also share a common proof system, it should be possible to send cross-chain messages in an increasingly cheap and fast way, while still relying on the security of the underlying Ethereum L1.”

“此外，由于使用相同框架的所有链也共享一个共同的证明系统，因此应该可以以越来越便宜和快速的方式发送跨链消息，同时仍然依赖底层以太坊 L1 的安全性。”