StarkWare 將零知識技術引入比特幣，在 Signet 測試網路上驗證 zk 證明

該機制歷時三個月完成，已在比特幣測試網 Signet 上實現，距離在更廣泛的生態系統中使用還有很長的路要走。

StarkWare, a company developing zero-knowledge technology on Ethereum since 2018, has successfully verified a zero-knowledge proof (ZK-proof) in a Bitcoin testnet.

StarkWare 是一家自 2018 年以來在以太坊上開發零知識技術的公司，已在比特幣測試網中成功驗證了零知識證明（ZK-proof）。

The mechanism, which took three months to complete, was implemented on Bitcoin’s testnet Signet. However, it still has a long way to go before it can be used in the broader ecosystem.

該機制花了三個月的時間才完成，並在比特幣的測試網 Signet 上實施。然而，要在更廣泛的生態系統中使用它還有很長的路要走。

The script that enables something like zk-proofs (OP_CAT) still hasn’t received enough consensus in the Bitcoin community for it to be introduced.

支援 zk-proofs (OP_CAT) 等功能的腳本尚未在比特幣社群中獲得足夠的共識，因此無法引入。

Despite this setback, StarkWare’s move is an auspicious one for the network formerly known as a digital pet rock.

儘管遭遇了這一挫折，StarkWare 的舉動對於這個以前被稱為數位寵物搖滾的網絡來說是一件吉利的事情。

Verifying zk-proofs on Bitcoin was previously unavailable, due to the network’s limited computational capabilities. OP_CAT, and the companies battle testing it on Bitcoin’s Signet, aims to change that reality and bring the breadth of applications present on other blockchains to the oldest ecosystem in the industry.

由於網路的運算能力有限，在比特幣上驗證 zk 證明以前是不可用的。 OP_CAT 以及在比特幣 Signet 上進行測試的公司旨在改變這一現實，並將其他區塊鏈上存在的廣泛應用程式引入業內最古老的生態系統。

“This was a tremendous effort and took a significant amount of time,” said Weikeng Chen, of L2 Iterative in a statement shared with The Defiant. “We started with nothing. There’s no information about ZK proofs on Bitcoin. There’s no information regarding the mathematical operations to follow. We had to build the full stack, which eventually led to the implementation of the STARK verifier.”

L2 Iterative 的 Weiken Chen 在與 The Defiant 分享的聲明中表示：“這是一項巨大的努力，並且花費了大量的時間。” 「我們從一無所有開始。沒有關於比特幣 ZK 證明的資訊。沒有關於可遵循的數學運算的資訊。我們必須建立完整的堆疊，這最終導致了 STARK 驗證器的實作。

A zk-proof occurs when one party can prove to another that a given statement is true without revealing any additional information. Zk-proofs have become one of Ethereum’s most valuable computational tools, especially as the race to scale in a privacy-centric manner continues.

當一方可以向另一方證明給定的陳述是真實的而不透露任何其他資訊時，就會發生 zk 證明。 Zk-proofs 已成為以太坊最有價值的計算工具之​​一，特別是隨著以隱私為中心的擴展競賽的持續進行。

Ethereum’s Rollup Race Comes To Bitcoin

以太坊的 Rollup 競賽來到了比特幣

There are two types of rollups on Ethereum: optimistic and zero-knowledge.

以太坊上有兩種類型的總結：樂觀總和和零知識總結。

Optimistic rollups assume all Layer 2 transactions are valid unless challenged and proven wrong by an honest network validator, whereas zk-rollups assume all transactions are false until proven valid through zk-proofs.

樂觀總結假設所有第 2 層交易都是有效的，除非受到誠實的網路驗證者的質疑並證明是錯誤的，而 zk-rollups 假設所有交易都是錯誤的，直到透過 zk 證明證明有效。

According to L2Beat, optimistic roll ups like Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism command nearly 70% of the entire market share. Trailing from afar with 1.7% of the total market is StarkWare’s own Layer 2, Starknet, which lands in fourth place in its category behind Linea (2.9%), ZKSync (2.8%), and Scroll (4.3%), which has had its total value locked (TVL) soar past $1 billion.

根據 L2Beat 的數據，Arbitrum、Base 和 Optimism 等 Optimistic Rollup 佔據了近 70% 的市場份額。 StarkWare 自己的 Layer 2 Starknet 以 1.7% 的市佔率遠遠落後，在同類產品中排名第四，落後於 Linea (2.9%)、ZKSync (2.8%) 和 Scroll (4.3%)，後者的市佔率鎖定總價值(TVL) 飆升至10 億美元以上。

However, even though zero-technology scaling solutions are less widely used, they have important advantages including increased privacy and faster bridging times to mainnet.

然而，儘管零技術擴展解決方案的使用不太廣泛，但它們具有重要的優勢，包括增強的隱私性和更快的主網橋接時間。

Privacy is where StarkWare has been placing its efforts, in no small part due to its founder and Chief Executive Officer Eli Ben-Sasson’s connection to the privacy blockchain world. Ben-Sasson was the chief scientist behind one of the top privacy-focused cryptocurrencies: Zcash.

隱私是 StarkWare 一直致力於的領域，這在很大程度上要歸功於其創始人兼執行長 Eli Ben-Sasson 與隱私區塊鏈世界的聯繫。 Ben-Sasson 是頂級隱私加密貨幣之一 Zcash 背後的首席科學家。

Zcash has lost dominance in its sector and shows a $478 million market cap, down from its $3.5 billion peak in 2022. The token spiked 8% to $31 today, for reasons that seem unclear.

Zcash 已經失去了在該領域的主導地位，市值為 4.78 億美元，低於 2022 年 35 億美元的峰值。

Testing out zero-knowledge technology makes sense on Bitcoin because of its well-known lack of privacy and difficulty to scale.

在比特幣上測試零知識技術是有意義的，因為眾所周知，比特幣缺乏隱私且難以擴展。

OP_CAT Continues To Get Tested

OP_CAT 繼續接受測試

The potential to bring some of Ethereum’s most valued tools to Bitcoin is enabled by a Satoshi-era code dubbed OP_CAT.

將以太坊一些最有價值的工具引入比特幣的潛力是由中本聰時代的代碼 OP_CAT 實現的。

OP_CAT, short of “Operation Concatenate,” is an opcode that was proposed originally by Bitcoin’s unknown creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. It allows for the combination of two pieces of data into a single piece of data during the execution of a Bitcoin transaction.

OP_CAT 是「Operation Concatenate」的縮寫，是一種操作碼，最初由比特幣的未知創造者中本聰提出。它允許在執行比特幣交易期間將兩條資料組合成一條資料。

The opcode is nothing short of controversial.

該操作碼毫無疑問是有爭議的。

Many in the Bitcoin community have decried it as an attack on the network, which could open up attack vectors like MEV. In fact, MEV-style attacks known as ‘mempool sniping’ have become prevalent, although it is mostly due to Ordinals and not OP_CAT.

比特幣社群的許多人譴責這是對網路的攻擊，這可能會引發 MEV 等攻擊媒介。事實上，被稱為「mempool sniping」的 MEV 式攻擊已經變得普遍，儘管它主要是由於 Ordinals 而不是 OP_CAT。

Ben-Sasson and StarkWare are on the front line testing and pushing for OP_CAT to be reintroduced. In early June, the company revealed an ambitious plan to scale Bitcoin through the controversial script–and the zk-proof is a step in that direction.

Ben-Sasson 和 StarkWare 正在一線測試並推動重新引入 OP_CAT。 6 月初，該公司公佈了一項雄心勃勃的計劃，透過有爭議的腳本來擴展比特幣的規模，而 zk-proof 就是朝這個方向邁出的一步。

Referring to OP-CAT, Ben-Sasson said “it will retain all Bitcoin values unchanged, while providing a bare bones framework that is just enough to bring STARK scaling to Bitcoin.”

在談到 OP-CAT 時，Ben-Sasson 表示“它將保持所有比特幣價值不變，同時提供足以為比特幣帶來 STARK 擴展的基本框架。”