StarkWare 将零知识技术引入比特币，在 Signet 测试网上验证 zk 证明

该机制历时三个月完成，已在比特币测试网 Signet 上实现，距离在更广泛的生态系统中使用还有很长的路要走。

StarkWare, a company developing zero-knowledge technology on Ethereum since 2018, has successfully verified a zero-knowledge proof (ZK-proof) in a Bitcoin testnet.

StarkWare 是一家自 2018 年以来在以太坊上开发零知识技术的公司，已在比特币测试网中成功验证了零知识证明（ZK-proof）。

The mechanism, which took three months to complete, was implemented on Bitcoin’s testnet Signet. However, it still has a long way to go before it can be used in the broader ecosystem.

该机制花了三个月的时间才完成，并在比特币的测试网 Signet 上实施。然而，要在更广泛的生态系统中使用它还有很长的路要走。

The script that enables something like zk-proofs (OP_CAT) still hasn’t received enough consensus in the Bitcoin community for it to be introduced.

支持 zk-proofs (OP_CAT) 等功能的脚本尚未在比特币社区中获得足够的共识，因此无法引入。

Despite this setback, StarkWare’s move is an auspicious one for the network formerly known as a digital pet rock.

尽管遭遇了这一挫折，StarkWare 的举动对于这个以前被称为数字宠物摇滚的网络来说是一件吉利的事情。

Verifying zk-proofs on Bitcoin was previously unavailable, due to the network’s limited computational capabilities. OP_CAT, and the companies battle testing it on Bitcoin’s Signet, aims to change that reality and bring the breadth of applications present on other blockchains to the oldest ecosystem in the industry.

由于网络的计算能力有限，在比特币上验证 zk 证明以前是不可用的。 OP_CAT 以及在比特币 Signet 上进行测试的公司旨在改变这一现实，并将其他区块链上存在的广泛应用程序引入业内最古老的生态系统。

“This was a tremendous effort and took a significant amount of time,” said Weikeng Chen, of L2 Iterative in a statement shared with The Defiant. “We started with nothing. There’s no information about ZK proofs on Bitcoin. There’s no information regarding the mathematical operations to follow. We had to build the full stack, which eventually led to the implementation of the STARK verifier.”

L2 Iterative 的 Weiken Chen 在与 The Defiant 分享的一份声明中表示：“这是一项巨大的努力，并且花费了大量的时间。” “我们从一无所有开始。没有关于比特币 ZK 证明的信息。没有关于可遵循的数学运算的信息。我们必须构建完整的堆栈，这最终导致了 STARK 验证器的实施。”

A zk-proof occurs when one party can prove to another that a given statement is true without revealing any additional information. Zk-proofs have become one of Ethereum’s most valuable computational tools, especially as the race to scale in a privacy-centric manner continues.

当一方可以向另一方证明给定的陈述是真实的而不透露任何其他信息时，就会发生 zk 证明。 Zk-proofs 已经成为以太坊最有价值的计算工具之一，特别是随着以隐私为中心的扩展竞赛的持续进行。

Ethereum’s Rollup Race Comes To Bitcoin

以太坊的 Rollup 竞赛来到了比特币

There are two types of rollups on Ethereum: optimistic and zero-knowledge.

以太坊上有两种类型的汇总：乐观汇总和零知识汇总。

Optimistic rollups assume all Layer 2 transactions are valid unless challenged and proven wrong by an honest network validator, whereas zk-rollups assume all transactions are false until proven valid through zk-proofs.

乐观汇总假设所有第 2 层交易都是有效的，除非受到诚实的网络验证者的质疑并证明是错误的，而 zk-rollups 假设所有交易都是错误的，直到通过 zk 证明证明有效。

According to L2Beat, optimistic roll ups like Arbitrum, Base, and Optimism command nearly 70% of the entire market share. Trailing from afar with 1.7% of the total market is StarkWare’s own Layer 2, Starknet, which lands in fourth place in its category behind Linea (2.9%), ZKSync (2.8%), and Scroll (4.3%), which has had its total value locked (TVL) soar past $1 billion.

根据 L2Beat 的数据，Arbitrum、Base 和 Optimism 等 Optimistic Rollup 占据了近 70% 的市场份额。 StarkWare 自己的 Layer 2 Starknet 以 1.7% 的市场份额远远落后，在同类产品中排名第四，落后于 Linea (2.9%)、ZKSync (2.8%) 和 Scroll (4.3%)，后者的市场份额锁定总价值 (TVL) 飙升至 10 亿美元以上。

However, even though zero-technology scaling solutions are less widely used, they have important advantages including increased privacy and faster bridging times to mainnet.

然而，尽管零技术扩展解决方案的使用不太广泛，但它们具有重要的优势，包括增强的隐私性和更快的主网桥接时间。

Privacy is where StarkWare has been placing its efforts, in no small part due to its founder and Chief Executive Officer Eli Ben-Sasson’s connection to the privacy blockchain world. Ben-Sasson was the chief scientist behind one of the top privacy-focused cryptocurrencies: Zcash.

隐私是 StarkWare 一直致力于的领域，这在很大程度上要归功于其创始人兼首席执行官 Eli Ben-Sasson 与隐私区块链世界的联系。 Ben-Sasson 是顶级隐私加密货币之一 Zcash 背后的首席科学家。

Zcash has lost dominance in its sector and shows a $478 million market cap, down from its $3.5 billion peak in 2022. The token spiked 8% to $31 today, for reasons that seem unclear.

Zcash 已经失去了在该领域的主导地位，市值为 4.78 亿美元，低于 2022 年 35 亿美元的峰值。该代币今天飙升 8% 至 31 美元，原因似乎尚不清楚。

Testing out zero-knowledge technology makes sense on Bitcoin because of its well-known lack of privacy and difficulty to scale.

在比特币上测试零知识技术是有意义的，因为众所周知，比特币缺乏隐私且难以扩展。

OP_CAT Continues To Get Tested

OP_CAT 继续接受测试

The potential to bring some of Ethereum’s most valued tools to Bitcoin is enabled by a Satoshi-era code dubbed OP_CAT.

将以太坊一些最有价值的工具引入比特币的潜力是由中本聪时代的代码 OP_CAT 实现的。

OP_CAT, short of “Operation Concatenate,” is an opcode that was proposed originally by Bitcoin’s unknown creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. It allows for the combination of two pieces of data into a single piece of data during the execution of a Bitcoin transaction.

OP_CAT 是“Operation Concatenate”的缩写，是一种操作码，最初由比特币的未知创造者中本聪提出。它允许在执行比特币交易期间将两条数据组合成一条数据。

The opcode is nothing short of controversial.

该操作码毫无疑问是有争议的。

Many in the Bitcoin community have decried it as an attack on the network, which could open up attack vectors like MEV. In fact, MEV-style attacks known as ‘mempool sniping’ have become prevalent, although it is mostly due to Ordinals and not OP_CAT.

比特币社区的许多人谴责这是对网络的攻击，这可能会引发 MEV 等攻击媒介。事实上，被称为“mempool sniping”的 MEV 式攻击已经变得普遍，尽管它主要是由于 Ordinals 而不是 OP_CAT。

Ben-Sasson and StarkWare are on the front line testing and pushing for OP_CAT to be reintroduced. In early June, the company revealed an ambitious plan to scale Bitcoin through the controversial script–and the zk-proof is a step in that direction.

Ben-Sasson 和 StarkWare 正在一线测试并推动重新引入 OP_CAT。 6 月初，该公司公布了一项雄心勃勃的计划，通过有争议的脚本来扩展比特币的规模，而 zk-proof 就是朝这个方向迈出的一步。

Referring to OP-CAT, Ben-Sasson said “it will retain all Bitcoin values unchanged, while providing a bare bones framework that is just enough to bring STARK scaling to Bitcoin.”

在谈到 OP-CAT 时，Ben-Sasson 表示“它将保持所有比特币价值不变，同时提供一个足以为比特币带来 STARK 扩展的基本框架。”