用RISC-V替換EVM以提高以太坊可伸縮性

Vitalik Buterin提出了一項提案，通過從當前的以太坊虛擬機（EVM）過渡到RISC-V，從根本上統治以太坊的執行環境

In a surprising move that could fundamentally rework Ethereum’s execution environment, Vitalik Buterin has proposed transitioning from the current Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to RISC-V.

在一個令人驚訝的舉動可以從根本上重新製作以太坊的執行環境中，維塔利克·布特林（Vitalik Buterin）提出了從當前的以太坊虛擬機（EVM）過渡到RISC-V。

The proposal, published on April 20 in the Ethereum Magicians forum, suggests a multi-phase strategy to massively improve long-term proving efficiency and simplify ETH’s execution layer—all while maintaining core abstractions like accounts, storage, and contract calls.

該提案於4月20日在以太坊魔術師論壇上發表，提出了一種多相策略，可以大大提高長期證明效率並簡化ETH的執行層，同時保持了核心抽象，例如帳戶，存儲和合同呼叫。

Solidity and Vyper Stay, Rust Optional

堅固和毒氣停留，生鏽可選

Specifically, Buterin proposes keeping Solidity and Vyper as the primary smart contract languages, but having them adapted to compile directly to RISC-V instructions.

具體而言，Buterin提議將堅固和VYPER作為主要的智能合同語言，但使它們適應直接編譯為RISC-V指令。

Although Rust-based contract writing would be technically feasible, Buterin argues that developer familiarity and readability concerns make Solidity the more logical choice at the application layer.

儘管基於生鏽的合同寫作在技術上是可行的，但Buterin認為開發人員的熟悉性和可讀性問題使固體性成為應用層的更合乎邏輯的選擇。

Importantly, the upgrade would be fully backward compatible. Existing EVM-based contracts would continue to function and interact seamlessly with contracts compiled to RISC-V, ensuring a smooth transition across the network.

重要的是，升級將完全向後兼容。現有的基於EVM的合同將繼續運行並與彙編與RISC-V的合同無縫互動，從而確保整個網絡的平穩過渡。

Targeting Ethereum’s Final Bottleneck

針對以太坊的最後瓶頸

According to Buterin, execution is shaping up to be Ethereum’s last major long-term bottleneck as other scalability improvements are handled through upgrades like:

根據Buterin的說法，執行正在成為以太坊的最後一個主要長期瓶頸，因為其他可伸縮性通過以下升級來處理：

* Merkleization and efficient state transitions for efficient state proofs.

*有效狀態證明的融合和有效的狀態轉變。

* ZK rollups and efficient parallelism.

* ZK匯總和有效的並行性。

The main pain point is in ZK-EVM proving costs. Recent analysis from Succinct Labs shows that block execution consumes nearly 50% of total prover cycles in ZK rollups. While efforts are being made to reduce state tree overhead by moving from Keccak-based Merkle-Patricia tries to binary tries with hash functions like Poseidon, execution is the dominant constraint.

主要的痛點是ZK-EVM證明成本。簡潔實驗室的最新分析表明，阻止執行消耗了ZK匯總總賣出週期的近50％。儘管正在努力通過從基於Keccak的Merkle-Patricia嘗試使用諸如Poseidon之類的哈希函數來減少狀態樹開銷，但執行是主要的約束。

Buterin noted that ZK-EVMs already compile to RISC-V at a lower level, and exposing RISC-V directly as Ethereum’s virtual machine could remove a major translation overhead. Some tests suggest this could yield up to 100x improvements in prover performance.

Buterin指出，ZK-EVM已經在較低級別的RISC-V編譯為RISC-V，並且直接將RISC-V直接曝光，因為以太坊的虛擬機可以將主要的翻譯置於開銷。一些測試表明，這可能會提高100倍的諺語性能。

"We should think in decades," Buterin said. "This generation of ZK rollups is already limited by prover performance, and making Ethereum's execution layer future-proof is a step worth taking."

“我們應該在數十年內思考，”布特林說。 “這一代的ZK匯總已經受詩意性能的限制，並且使以太坊的執行層未來是值得邁出的一步。”

If adopted, this proposal could mark one of Ethereum’s most transformative infrastructure upgrades yet—bridging today’s high-level developer tools with next-gen zero-knowledge performance.

如果採用該提案，該提案可能標誌著以太坊最具變革性的基礎設施升級之一，這是橋樑的高級開發人員工具，並具有下一代零知識的性能。