用RISC-V替换EVM以提高以太坊可伸缩性

Vitalik Buterin提出了一项提案，通过从当前的以太坊虚拟机（EVM）过渡到RISC-V，从根本上统治以太坊的执行环境

In a surprising move that could fundamentally rework Ethereum’s execution environment, Vitalik Buterin has proposed transitioning from the current Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to RISC-V.

在一个令人惊讶的举动可以从根本上重新制作以太坊的执行环境中，维塔利克·布特林（Vitalik Buterin）提出了从当前的以太坊虚拟机（EVM）过渡到RISC-V。

The proposal, published on April 20 in the Ethereum Magicians forum, suggests a multi-phase strategy to massively improve long-term proving efficiency and simplify ETH’s execution layer—all while maintaining core abstractions like accounts, storage, and contract calls.

该提案于4月20日在以太坊魔术师论坛上发表，提出了一种多相策略，可以大大提高长期证明效率并简化ETH的执行层，同时保持了核心抽象，例如帐户，存储和合同呼叫。

Solidity and Vyper Stay, Rust Optional

坚固和毒气停留，生锈可选

Specifically, Buterin proposes keeping Solidity and Vyper as the primary smart contract languages, but having them adapted to compile directly to RISC-V instructions.

具体而言，Buterin提议将坚固和VYPER作为主要的智能合同语言，但使它们适应直接编译为RISC-V指令。

Although Rust-based contract writing would be technically feasible, Buterin argues that developer familiarity and readability concerns make Solidity the more logical choice at the application layer.

尽管基于生锈的合同写作在技术上是可行的，但Buterin认为开发人员的熟悉性和可读性问题使固体性成为应用层的更合乎逻辑的选择。

Importantly, the upgrade would be fully backward compatible. Existing EVM-based contracts would continue to function and interact seamlessly with contracts compiled to RISC-V, ensuring a smooth transition across the network.

重要的是，升级将完全向后兼容。现有的基于EVM的合同将继续运行并与汇编与RISC-V的合同无缝互动，从而确保整个网络的平稳过渡。

Targeting Ethereum’s Final Bottleneck

针对以太坊的最后瓶颈

According to Buterin, execution is shaping up to be Ethereum’s last major long-term bottleneck as other scalability improvements are handled through upgrades like:

根据Buterin的说法，执行正在成为以太坊的最后一个主要长期瓶颈，因为其他可伸缩性通过以下升级来处理：

* Merkleization and efficient state transitions for efficient state proofs.

*有效状态证明的融合和有效的状态转变。

* ZK rollups and efficient parallelism.

* ZK汇总和有效的并行性。

The main pain point is in ZK-EVM proving costs. Recent analysis from Succinct Labs shows that block execution consumes nearly 50% of total prover cycles in ZK rollups. While efforts are being made to reduce state tree overhead by moving from Keccak-based Merkle-Patricia tries to binary tries with hash functions like Poseidon, execution is the dominant constraint.

主要的痛点是ZK-EVM证明成本。简洁实验室的最新分析表明，阻止执行消耗了ZK汇总总卖出周期的近50％。尽管正在努力通过从基于Keccak的Merkle-Patricia尝试使用诸如Poseidon之类的哈希函数来减少状态树开销，但执行是主要的约束。

Buterin noted that ZK-EVMs already compile to RISC-V at a lower level, and exposing RISC-V directly as Ethereum’s virtual machine could remove a major translation overhead. Some tests suggest this could yield up to 100x improvements in prover performance.

Buterin指出，ZK-EVM已经在较低级别的RISC-V编译为RISC-V，并且直接将RISC-V直接曝光，因为以太坊的虚拟机可以将主要的翻译置于开销。一些测试表明，这可能会提高100倍的谚语性能。

"We should think in decades," Buterin said. "This generation of ZK rollups is already limited by prover performance, and making Ethereum's execution layer future-proof is a step worth taking."

“我们应该在数十年内思考，”布特林说。 “这一代的ZK汇总已经受诗意性能的限制，并且使以太坊的执行层未来是值得迈出的一步。”

If adopted, this proposal could mark one of Ethereum’s most transformative infrastructure upgrades yet—bridging today’s high-level developer tools with next-gen zero-knowledge performance.

如果采用该提案，该提案可能标志着以太坊最具变革性的基础设施升级之一，这是桥梁的高级开发人员工具，并具有下一代零知识的性能。