全息3D列印—產業的未來

增材製造流程持續受惠於創新。本週，康考迪亞大學的一組研究人員介紹了一種使用全像圖 3D 列印複雜設計等的方法。

3D printing continues to benefit from innovation. This week, researchers from Concordia introduced a method of using holograms to 3D print intricate designs and more. Their holographic 3D printing method is seen by many as a solution to many of the current techniques' shortfalls. Here's everything you need to know about holographic 3D printing and why it's the future of the industry.

3D列印繼續受益於創新。本週，來自 Concordia 的研究人員介紹了一種使用全像圖 3D 列印複雜設計等的方法。他們的全息 3D 列印方法被許多人視為解決當前技術許多缺陷的方法。以下是您需要了解的有關全息 3D 列印以及為什麼它是該行業的未來的所有資訊。

The 3D printing sector has seen explosive growth over the last decade across all metrics, including users, tech, material science, and methods. The most popular forms of 3D printing still rely on heat and lasers to mold the material into the desired shape. While this strategy has proven effective, it still leaves much to be desired by users.

過去十年，3D 列印行業的所有指標都出現了爆炸性增長，包括用戶、技術、材料科學和方法。最受歡迎的 3D 列印形式仍然依靠熱量和雷射將材料塑造成所需的形狀。儘管這項策略已被證明是有效的，但它仍然距離用戶的期望還有很大差距。

Direct Sound Printing (DSP)

直接聲音列印 (DSP)

In 2022, a method of 3D printing using sound waves was introduced to the market. This strategy leverages sound waves to harden print material into a desired shape. Sound Waves are used to create cavitation, which occurs whenever the static pressure drops below vapor pressure in a liquid. This state creates milliseconds of high pressure and heat. This heat is used to harden 3D printed materials quickly.

2022年，一種利用聲波的3D列印方法被引入市場。此策略利用聲波將列印材料硬化成所需的形狀。聲波用於產生空化，每當液體中的靜壓降至蒸氣壓以下時就會發生空化。這種狀態會產生幾毫秒的高壓和熱。這種熱量用於快速硬化 3D 列印材料。

Holographic Direct Sound Printing (HDSP)

全息直接聲音印刷 (HDSP)

Researchers proposed an upgrade to the current DSP method in a recent article published in the journal Nature Communications called Holographic Direct Sound Printing (HDSP). This new approach utilizes acoustic holograms to improve the process. The hologram uses specially patterned acoustic waves that induce cavitation bubbles at specific locations.

研究人員在最近發表在《自然通訊》雜誌上的一篇名為全息直接聲音打印（HDSP）的文章中提出了對當前 DSP 方法的升級。這種新方法利用聲全像圖來改進這個過程。全像圖使用特殊圖案的聲波在特定位置誘發空化氣泡。

The chemically activated acoustic cavitation bubbles provide real-time on-demand regional polymerization, enabling researchers to print using sound more effectively and with more detail. According to the study, the printing process allows engineers to examine and store cross-sectional images of desired prints, enhancing design capabilities and enabling researchers to improve internal structuring.

化學活化的聲空化氣泡提供即時按需區域聚合，使研究人員能夠更有效、更詳細地使用聲音進行列印。根據這項研究，列印過程允許工程師檢查和儲存所需列印件的橫斷面影像，從而增強設計能力並使研究人員能夠改進內部結構。

HDSP Printer

高清數位訊號處理器印表機

The HDSP printer is set up in a manner that is reversed to many of its predecessors. Rather than the printing arm moving, a motorized platform moves the material within the stationary holographic image. The system utilizes pre-programmed patterns based on advanced algorithms to navigate the robotic arm around the holographic image, enabling the sonochemical reactions to occur and harden the print.

HDSP 印表機的設定方式與其許多前身相反。電動平台不是移動列印臂，而是移動靜止全像影像內的材料。該系統利用基於先進演算法的預編程模式來圍繞全像圖像導航機械手臂，從而發生聲化學反應並硬化列印件。

Holographic 3D Printing Test

全息3D列印測試

The research paper delves into some of the testing methods used to qualify the new additive manufacturing process. Researchers conducted a series of sono-chemiluminescence and high-speed imaging experiments to gauge the capabilities and performance of the HDSP. Specifically, key details were tracked including a detailed account of the polymerization process, tuning effects, robotic movements, and software computations.

研究論文深入研究了一些用於鑑定新增材製造流程的測試方法。研究人員進行了一系列聲化學發光和高速成像實驗來衡量 HDSP 的功能和性能。具體來說，追蹤了關鍵細節，包括聚合過程、調整效果、機器人運動和軟體計算的詳細說明。

Holographic 3D Printing Results

全像 3D 列印結果

The results of the study are game-changing. For one, the researchers noticed that there was a direct correlation between feed rate and their ability to make alterations to complex prints. As such, the team integrated advanced software algorithms to optimize parameters based on the needs of each print. This maneuver resulted in highly accurate printed structures that could outperform previous designs.

這項研究的結果是改變遊戲規則的。其一，研究人員注意到進給速度與修改複雜列印件的能力之間存在直接相關性。因此，該團隊整合了先進的軟體演算法，根據每次列印的需求優化參數。這種操作產生了高度精確的印刷結構，其性能優於先前的設計。

The team went on to research the HDSP's ability to print across a variety of different materials. They also tested the effects of the holograms on the process under different levels of intensity, design, and placement. Lastly, they examined how different structures, such as porosity and materials, affect the tuning process.

團隊繼續研究 HDSP 在各種不同材料上進行列印的能力。他們還測試了全像圖在不同強度、設計和放置水平下對流程的影響。最後，他們研究了不同的結構（例如孔隙率和材料）如何影響調諧過程。

Remote Distance Printing (RDP)

遠端列印 (RDP)

The most important breakthrough of this research revolves around remote printing. The engineers found that they could print objects behind walls and other structures using HDSP. This method of internal printing could enable a future where your car parts are printed in place rather than installed. Even more impressive, the same strategy could be used to print organs or repair internal damage in a non-invasive manner.

這項研究最重要的突破圍繞著遠端列印。工程師發現他們可以使用 HDSP 列印牆壁和其他結構後面的物體。這種內部列印方法可以讓您的汽車零件在未來就地列印而不是安裝。更令人印象深刻的是，同樣的策略可以用於以非侵入性方式列印器官或修復內部損傷。

Benefits of Holographic 3D Printing

全息3D列印的好處

The researchers put forth a compelling case as to why HDSP outperforms DSP across nearly every category. For one, it's much faster than the original DSP method, which was limited to a voxel-by-voxel printing strategy. HDSP enables multiple areas to undergo hardening at the same time. The results are that you can print up to 20x faster using DHSP methods.

研究人員提出了一個令人信服的案例來解釋為什麼 HDSP 在幾乎所有類別上都優於 DSP。其一，它比原始 DSP 方法快得多，後者僅限於逐體素列印策略。 HDSP可以實現多個區域同時進行加固。結果是，使用 DHSP 方法可以將列印速度提高 20 倍。

Another benefit that HDSP introduces is the ability to alter images during the printing process. In a traditional method of 3D printing, each layer is applied and hardened, meaning that there's no way to make alterations if the component is already added. HDSP users can alter the hologram, which automatically changes the printing with minimal effort. As such, there's less waste as this approach reduces printing errors.

HDSP 帶來的另一個好處是能夠在列印過程中變更影像。在傳統的 3D 列印方法中，每一層都會被應用並硬化，這意味著如果組件已經添加，則無法進行更改。 HDSP 用戶可以更改全像圖，從而以最小的努力自動更改列印。因此，這種方法減少了列印錯誤，從而減少了浪費。

HDSP opens the door for a new level of complexity within the market. This printer can create intricate designs with internals utilizing soundwaves, enabling engineers to develop more effective, lightweight options without sacrificing performance and durability.

HDSP 打開了市場複雜性新境界的大門。這台印表機可以利用聲波創建複雜的內部設計，使工程師能夠開發更有效、更輕量的選項，而無需犧牲性能和耐用性。

Another game-changing advantage the HDSP offers is the ability to create objects simultaneously. The system allows you to maximize efforts by combining multiple prints during a single session. The system can accommodate different prints at different locations, maximizing printing space and lowering print times.

HDSP 提供的另一個改變遊戲規則的優勢是同時創建物件的能力。此系統可讓您在一次會話中組合多個列印件，從而最大限度地提高工作效率。系統可適應不同地點的不同列印，最大化列印空間並降低列印時間。

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