以太坊第 2 層解決方案：對生態系統主導地位和安全性的威脅

Blockchair 和 3xpl 的首席開發人員 Nikita Zhavoronkov 認為以太坊第 2 層 (L2) 解決方案對以太坊生態系統有害。他聲稱這些解決方案由於其託管性質而偏離了以太坊的去中心化和無需許可的核心原則。 Zhavoronkov 認為，企業 L2 擁有管理金鑰，可以隨時用於資金盜竊，從而破壞了以太坊固有的免信任性。

Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions: A Detrimental Force to the Ecosystem

以太坊第 2 層解決方案：對生態系的有害力量

Nikita Zhavoronkov, a reputable expert in the blockchain industry, has recently raised concerns regarding the implications of Ethereum Layer 2 (L2) solutions on the Ethereum ecosystem. According to Zhavoronkov, these L2 solutions pose significant threats to Ethereum's dominance, security, and overall integrity.

區塊鏈產業知名專家 Nikita Zhavoronkov 最近對以太坊第 2 層 (L2) 解決方案對以太坊生態系統的影響表示擔憂。 Zhavoronkov 表示，這些 L2 解決方案對以太坊的主導地位、安全性和整體完整性構成了重大威脅。

Erosion of Dominance and Inflation Revival

主導地位的侵蝕和通貨膨脹的復甦

Zhavoronkov asserts that the widespread adoption of L2 solutions has led to a substantial decrease in Ethereum's network dominance. This decline stems from the fact that L2 solutions effectively offload transactions from the Ethereum main network, reducing its transaction volume and subsequently its market share. Furthermore, the increased use of L2 solutions has reignited inflationary pressures within the Ethereum ecosystem. Zhavoronkov argues that the creation of new Ether tokens to compensate for reduced transaction fees on the main network undermines Ethereum's goal of maintaining a limited token supply, thereby eroding its value proposition as an "ultrasound money."

Zhavoronkov 斷言，L2 解決方案的廣泛採用導致以太坊網路主導地位大幅下降。這種下降源於 L2 解決方案有效地從以太坊主網路上卸載交易，從而減少了其交易量，從而減少了其市場份額。此外，L2 解決方案的使用增加重新引發了以太坊生態系統內的通膨壓力。 Zhavoronkov 認為，創建新的 Ether 代幣來補償主網路交易費用的降低，破壞了以太坊維持有限代幣供應的目標，從而削弱了其作為「超音波貨幣」的價值主張。

Custodial Control and Trust Violation

保管控制和信任違規

Zhavoronkov emphasizes that the primary issue with existing L2 solutions lies in their custodial nature. Unlike Ethereum's core principles of decentralization and permissionlessness, these L2 solutions are operated by centralized entities that possess admin keys, granting them the ability to steal user funds at will. This custodial model fundamentally undermines the ethos of trustlessness that is central to the Ethereum blockchain.

Zhavoronkov 強調，現有 L2 解決方案的主要問題在於其託管性質。與以太坊的去中心化和無需許可的核心原則不同，這些 L2 解決方案由擁有管理金鑰的中心化實體運營，使他們能夠隨意竊取用戶資金。這種託管模式從根本上破壞了以太坊區塊鏈核心的去信任精神。

Security Compromises and Liquidity Fragmentation

安全受損和流動性碎片化

Zhavoronkov highlights the detrimental consequences of the high transaction costs on Ethereum's main network. These costs drive users away to alternative blockchains, weakening Ethereum's leadership position and reducing the funds available for network security. Additionally, the use of L2 solutions diverts transaction fees away from the main network's validators, further exacerbating security concerns. Moreover, the constant movement of funds between Ethereum and L2 networks, as well as the fragmentation of liquidity, creates obstacles to mainstream adoption.

扎沃龍科夫強調了以太坊主網路上高交易成本的不利後果。這些成本迫使用戶轉向替代區塊鏈，削弱了以太坊的領導地位並減少了可用於網路安全的資金。此外，L2 解決方案的使用將交易費用從主網路的驗證器中轉移出來，進一步加劇了安全問題。此外，以太坊和 L2 網路之間資金的持續流動以及流動性的分散，對主流採用造成了障礙。

Community Discord and Scaling Conundrum

社區不和諧和擴展難題

Zhavoronkov's allegations have sparked a heated debate within the cryptocurrency community. Some members question the validity of these claims, citing a lack of concrete evidence and suggesting that Zhavoronkov's opposition to L2s stems from malicious intent. However, Zhavoronkov stands firm in his stance, comparing custodial L2 solutions to futile attempts at scaling that resemble wearing wigs to promote hair growth. He further points to the lucrative financial incentives that L2 operators have to collude with developers, thereby hindering progress on Ethereum's Layer 1.

扎沃龍科夫的指控引發了加密貨幣社群的激烈爭論。一些成員質疑這些說法的有效性，理由是缺乏具體證據，並暗示扎沃龍科夫對 L2 的反對源於惡意。然而，Zhavoronkov 立場堅定，他將託管 L2 解決方案與徒勞的嘗試進行比較，就像戴假髮促進頭髮生長一樣。他進一步指出，L2 營運商必須與開發商勾結，獲得利潤豐厚的經濟激勵，阻礙了以太坊 Layer 1 的進展。

Despite the ongoing debate, the fundamental question of how to achieve scalability without compromising decentralization remains unanswered. Some community members argue that certain L2 solutions can operate effectively without compromising security or liquidity. However, Zhavoronkov remains skeptical, asserting that the inherent weaknesses in L2 security systems could lead to potential liquidity fragmentation.

儘管爭論仍在繼續，但如何在不影響去中心化的情況下實現可擴展性的基本問題仍然沒有得到解答。一些社區成員認為，某些 L2 解決方案可以在不影響安全性或流動性的情況下有效運作。然而，Zhavoronkov 仍然持懷疑態度，聲稱 L2 安全系統固有的弱點可能會導致潛在的流動性碎片化。

The Ethereum Layer 2 conundrum underscores the complex challenges involved in balancing decentralization, security, and scalability within the blockchain ecosystem. As stakeholders grapple with these fundamental issues, the future of Ethereum's scalability remains uncertain.

以太坊第 2 層難題凸顯了在區塊鏈生態系統內平衡去中心化、安全性和可擴展性所涉及的複雜挑戰。當利害關係人努力解決這些基本問題時，以太坊可擴展性的未來仍然不確定。