以太坊第 2 层解决方案：对生态系统主导地位和安全性的威胁

Blockchair 和 3xpl 的首席开发人员 Nikita Zhavoronkov 认为以太坊第 2 层 (L2) 解决方案对以太坊生态系统有害。他声称这些解决方案由于其托管性质而偏离了以太坊的去中心化和无需许可的核心原则。 Zhavoronkov 认为，企业 L2 拥有管理密钥，可以随时用于资金盗窃，从而破坏了以太坊固有的免信任性。

Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions: A Detrimental Force to the Ecosystem

以太坊第 2 层解决方案：对生态系统的有害力量

Nikita Zhavoronkov, a reputable expert in the blockchain industry, has recently raised concerns regarding the implications of Ethereum Layer 2 (L2) solutions on the Ethereum ecosystem. According to Zhavoronkov, these L2 solutions pose significant threats to Ethereum's dominance, security, and overall integrity.

区块链行业知名专家 Nikita Zhavoronkov 最近对以太坊第 2 层 (L2) 解决方案对以太坊生态系统的影响表示担忧。 Zhavoronkov 表示，这些 L2 解决方案对以太坊的主导地位、安全性和整体完整性构成了重大威胁。

Erosion of Dominance and Inflation Revival

主导地位的侵蚀和通货膨胀的复苏

Zhavoronkov asserts that the widespread adoption of L2 solutions has led to a substantial decrease in Ethereum's network dominance. This decline stems from the fact that L2 solutions effectively offload transactions from the Ethereum main network, reducing its transaction volume and subsequently its market share. Furthermore, the increased use of L2 solutions has reignited inflationary pressures within the Ethereum ecosystem. Zhavoronkov argues that the creation of new Ether tokens to compensate for reduced transaction fees on the main network undermines Ethereum's goal of maintaining a limited token supply, thereby eroding its value proposition as an "ultrasound money."

Zhavoronkov 断言，L2 解决方案的广泛采用导致以太坊网络主导地位大幅下降。这种下降源于 L2 解决方案有效地从以太坊主网络上卸载交易，从而减少了其交易量，从而减少了其市场份额。此外，L2 解决方案的使用增加重新引发了以太坊生态系统内的通胀压力。 Zhavoronkov 认为，创建新的 Ether 代币来补偿主网络交易费用的降低，破坏了以太坊维持有限代币供应的目标，从而削弱了其作为“超声波货币”的价值主张。

Custodial Control and Trust Violation

保管控制和信任违规

Zhavoronkov emphasizes that the primary issue with existing L2 solutions lies in their custodial nature. Unlike Ethereum's core principles of decentralization and permissionlessness, these L2 solutions are operated by centralized entities that possess admin keys, granting them the ability to steal user funds at will. This custodial model fundamentally undermines the ethos of trustlessness that is central to the Ethereum blockchain.

Zhavoronkov 强调，现有 L2 解决方案的主要问题在于其托管性质。与以太坊的去中心化和无需许可的核心原则不同，这些 L2 解决方案由拥有管理密钥的中心化实体运营，使他们能够随意窃取用户资金。这种托管模式从根本上破坏了以太坊区块链核心的去信任精神。

Security Compromises and Liquidity Fragmentation

安全受损和流动性碎片化

Zhavoronkov highlights the detrimental consequences of the high transaction costs on Ethereum's main network. These costs drive users away to alternative blockchains, weakening Ethereum's leadership position and reducing the funds available for network security. Additionally, the use of L2 solutions diverts transaction fees away from the main network's validators, further exacerbating security concerns. Moreover, the constant movement of funds between Ethereum and L2 networks, as well as the fragmentation of liquidity, creates obstacles to mainstream adoption.

扎沃龙科夫强调了以太坊主网络上高交易成本的不利后果。这些成本迫使用户转向替代区块链，削弱了以太坊的领导地位并减少了可用于网络安全的资金。此外，L2 解决方案的使用将交易费用从主网络的验证器中转移出来，进一步加剧了安全问题。此外，以太坊和 L2 网络之间资金的持续流动以及流动性的分散，给主流采用造成了障碍。

Community Discord and Scaling Conundrum

社区不和谐和扩展难题

Zhavoronkov's allegations have sparked a heated debate within the cryptocurrency community. Some members question the validity of these claims, citing a lack of concrete evidence and suggesting that Zhavoronkov's opposition to L2s stems from malicious intent. However, Zhavoronkov stands firm in his stance, comparing custodial L2 solutions to futile attempts at scaling that resemble wearing wigs to promote hair growth. He further points to the lucrative financial incentives that L2 operators have to collude with developers, thereby hindering progress on Ethereum's Layer 1.

扎沃龙科夫的指控引发了加密货币社区的激烈争论。一些成员质疑这些说法的有效性，理由是缺乏具体证据，并暗示扎沃龙科夫对 L2 的反对源于恶意。然而，Zhavoronkov 立场坚定，他将托管 L2 解决方案与徒劳的尝试进行比较，就像戴假发促进头发生长一样。他进一步指出，L2 运营商必须与开发商勾结，获得利润丰厚的经济激励，从而阻碍了以太坊 Layer 1 的进展。

Despite the ongoing debate, the fundamental question of how to achieve scalability without compromising decentralization remains unanswered. Some community members argue that certain L2 solutions can operate effectively without compromising security or liquidity. However, Zhavoronkov remains skeptical, asserting that the inherent weaknesses in L2 security systems could lead to potential liquidity fragmentation.

尽管争论仍在继续，但如何在不影响去中心化的情况下实现可扩展性的基本问题仍然没有得到解答。一些社区成员认为，某些 L2 解决方案可以在不影响安全性或流动性的情况下有效运行。然而，Zhavoronkov 仍然持怀疑态度，声称 L2 安全系统固有的弱点可能会导致潜在的流动性碎片化。

The Ethereum Layer 2 conundrum underscores the complex challenges involved in balancing decentralization, security, and scalability within the blockchain ecosystem. As stakeholders grapple with these fundamental issues, the future of Ethereum's scalability remains uncertain.

以太坊第 2 层难题凸显了在区块链生态系统内平衡去中心化、安全性和可扩展性所涉及的复杂挑战。当利益相关者努力解决这些基本问题时，以太坊可扩展性的未来仍然不确定。