以太坊激活Pectra網絡升級，引入智能帳戶和更高的積分限制

2025年5月7日，以太坊激活了其最新的主要網絡升級Pectra。此更新為協議帶來了幾個關鍵更改，

On May 7, 2025, Ethereum completed its latest major network upgrade, Pectra, which brings several key changes to the protocol.

2025年5月7日，以太坊完成了其最新的主要網絡升級Pectra，這為協議帶來了一些關鍵更改。

This update, which was smoothly activated at epoch 236,400, marks a significant step in improving the user experience, enhancing validator operations, and expanding scalability with new Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs).

此更新在Epoch 236,400上平穩激活，標誌著通過新的以太坊改進建議（EIPS）（EIPS）改善用戶體驗，增強驗證器操作以及擴展可擴展性的重要一步。

Pectra is also notable for its earlier setbacks, where bugs affected the Holesky and Sepolia test networks, but were quickly fixed by developers from different client teams, showcasing the strength of cooperation in the community.

Pectra也因其較早的挫折而引人注目，那裡的錯誤影響了Holesky和Sepolia測試網絡，但由來自不同客戶團隊的開發人員迅速確定，展示了社區中合作的實力。

Here's a closer look at the main EIPs included in the Pectra upgrade and their implications:

這是對Pectra升級中包含的主要EIP及其含義的仔細研究：

Smart Accounts and Account Abstraction (EIP-7702)

智能帳戶和帳戶抽象（EIP-7702）

One of the most anticipated changes is EIP-7702, part of the broader account abstraction initiative. This proposal allows Ethereum wallets (EOAs) to function more like smart contracts.

最期待的變化之一是EIP-7702，這是廣泛的帳戶抽象計劃的一部分。該建議允許以太坊錢包（EOA）更像智能合約。

Users can perform transactions with automated permissions, enabling actions like token approvals to occur directly in the transaction, and allowing for alternative payment methods for gas fees, such as ERC-20 tokens.

用戶可以使用自動權限執行交易，從而在交易中直接進行諸如代幣批准之類的操作，並允許替代汽油費的替代付款方式，例如ERC-20代幣。

This feature is designed to create a smoother user experience by reducing frequent approval requests and wallet pop-ups, which can be cumbersome for users. It also allows developers to build dapps that feel more like Web2 applications on the blockchain.

此功能旨在通過減少頻繁的批准請求和錢包彈出窗口來創造更流暢的用戶體驗，這對於用戶來說可能很麻煩。它還允許開發人員構建在區塊鏈上更像Web2應用程序的DAPP。

However, this added functionality might introduce potential security risks. Malicious dapps could try to trick users into signing harmless-looking messages that would steal their wallets if they hold valuable NFTs or tokens.

但是，這種附加功能可能會引入潛在的安全風險。惡意Dapps可能會試圖欺騙用戶簽署無害的消息，如果他們拿著寶貴的NFT或令牌，這些消息將竊取錢包。

Despite this, many in the community believe EIP-7702 is safe if used properly and is narrow enough to avoid major risks.

儘管如此，社區中的許多人認為，如果正確使用EIP-7702是安全的，並且足夠狹窄以避免重大風險。

Those in favor of the EIP argue that it will make Ethereum more user-friendly and efficient, while opponents have concerns about increased complexity and potential misuse.

那些贊成EIP的人認為，這將使以太坊更加用戶友好和高效，而對手對增加的複雜性和潛在的濫用感到擔憂。

Ethereum Upgrade Simplifies Institutional Staking (EIP-7251 & EIP-7002)

以太坊升級簡化了機構的放樣（EIP-7251和EIP-7002）

Ethereum’s validator system also received important upgrades with EIP-7251, which increases the staking limit per validator from 32 ETH to 2,048 ETH.

以太坊的驗證器系統還通過EIP-7251進行了重要的升級，該系統將每個驗證器的放電限制從32 ETH提高到2,048 ETH。

This change is especially helpful for institutional validators who had to manage many smaller validators to handle large amounts of capital. Now, with the higher limit, they can combine operations, cutting costs and making management easier.

此更改對於必須管理許多較小驗證者來處理大量資本的機構驗證者特別有用。現在，有了更高的限制，他們可以將操作結合起來，降低成本並使管理更容易。

Additionally, EIP-7002 streamlines the process for staking withdrawals. Previously, validators had to wait over 13 hours to generate withdrawal credentials from staking service providers.

此外，EIP-7002簡化了戒斷的過程。以前，驗證者必須等待13個小時以上才能從Staking Service提供商中產生提款憑證。

Now, validators can complete withdrawals in about 13 minutes and importantly, without needing a signed message from the provider, granting validators more control and reducing operational risk.

現在，驗證者可以在大約13分鐘內完成提款，重要的是，無需提供提供商的簽名消息，從而授予驗證者更多的控制和降低操作風險。

Pectra Upgrade Enhances Layer-2 Scalability (EIP-7691)

Pectra升級增強了2層可伸縮性（EIP-7691）

Further enhancing Ethereum’s scalability, EIP-7691 increases the number of data blobs that each block can support. These blobs are used by layer-2 rollup solutions, such as Optimism and Arbitrum, which depend on Ethereum for data.

EIP-7691進一步增強了以太坊的可伸縮性，增加了每個塊可以支持的數據斑點的數量。這些斑點是由2層匯總解決方案（例如樂觀和仲裁）使用的，這些解決方案依賴於以太坊的數據。

With the main system handling more rollups by supporting more data blobs per block, it effectively cuts transaction fees and allows more users and activity to occur without clogging the main chain.

隨著主系統通過支持每個塊的更多數據斑點來處理更多的匯總，它有效地削減了交易費用，並允許在不堵塞主鏈的情況下進行更多的用戶和活動。

This change is a big step in making Ethereum's scaling system stronger for the future.

這種變化是使以太坊的擴展系統更加強大的一步。

Moreover, EIP-6110 improves how Ethereum’s execution and consensus layers work together. Now, validator deposits appear directly in the execution-layer block, speeding up the onboarding process and reducing the need for indirect communication.

此外，EIP-6110改善了以太坊的執行和共識層如何共同工作。現在，驗證器存款直接出現在執行層中，從而加快了入職過程並減少了間接通信的需求。

This small change makes data more efficient and strengthens Ethereum’s unified system.

這種小的變化使數據更有效，並增強了以太坊的統一系統。

Finally, while earlier bugs affected the Holesky and Sepolia test networks, developers have fixed these problems. As a result, the mainnet upgrade went smoothly, showing the cooperation and strength of Ethereum's client developers and the broader community.

最後，儘管較早的錯誤影響了Holesky和Sepolia測試網絡，但開發人員已經解決了這些問題。結果，主網升級順利進行，顯示了以太坊客戶開發人員和更廣泛的社區的合作和力量。

The Pectra upgrade is bullish for Ethereum as it boosts scalability, improves user experience, and enhances institutional staking. Key features like smart accounts (EIP-7702), higher staking limits (EIP-7251), and more data capacity for layer-2s (EIP-7691) make Ethereum more efficient, user-friendly, and attractive to developers and investors, strengthening its ecosystem and long-term value.

Pectra升級是對以太坊的看漲，因為它可以提高可擴展性，提高用戶體驗並增強機構的積分。諸如SMART帳戶（EIP-7702），更高的放入限制（EIP-7251）以及更多的2層數據能力（EIP-7691）之類的關鍵功能使以太坊更有效，用戶友好，並且對開發人員和投資者有吸引力，從而增強其生態系統和長期價值。