以太坊激活Pectra网络升级，引入智能帐户和更高的积分限制

2025年5月7日，以太坊激活了其最新的主要网络升级Pectra。此更新为协议带来了几个关键更改，

On May 7, 2025, Ethereum completed its latest major network upgrade, Pectra, which brings several key changes to the protocol.

2025年5月7日，以太坊完成了其最新的主要网络升级Pectra，这为协议带来了一些关键更改。

This update, which was smoothly activated at epoch 236,400, marks a significant step in improving the user experience, enhancing validator operations, and expanding scalability with new Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs).

此更新在Epoch 236,400上平稳激活，标志着通过新的以太坊改进建议（EIPS）（EIPS）改善用户体验，增强验证器操作以及扩展可扩展性的重要一步。

Pectra is also notable for its earlier setbacks, where bugs affected the Holesky and Sepolia test networks, but were quickly fixed by developers from different client teams, showcasing the strength of cooperation in the community.

Pectra也因其较早的挫折而引人注目，那里的错误影响了Holesky和Sepolia测试网络，但由来自不同客户团队的开发人员迅速确定，展示了社区中合作的实力。

Here's a closer look at the main EIPs included in the Pectra upgrade and their implications:

这是对Pectra升级中包含的主要EIP及其含义的仔细研究：

Smart Accounts and Account Abstraction (EIP-7702)

智能帐户和帐户抽象（EIP-7702）

One of the most anticipated changes is EIP-7702, part of the broader account abstraction initiative. This proposal allows Ethereum wallets (EOAs) to function more like smart contracts.

最期待的变化之一是EIP-7702，这是广泛的帐户抽象计划的一部分。该建议允许以太坊钱包（EOA）更像智能合约。

Users can perform transactions with automated permissions, enabling actions like token approvals to occur directly in the transaction, and allowing for alternative payment methods for gas fees, such as ERC-20 tokens.

用户可以使用自动权限执行交易，从而在交易中直接进行诸如代币批准之类的操作，并允许替代汽油费的替代付款方式，例如ERC-20代币。

This feature is designed to create a smoother user experience by reducing frequent approval requests and wallet pop-ups, which can be cumbersome for users. It also allows developers to build dapps that feel more like Web2 applications on the blockchain.

此功能旨在通过减少频繁的批准请求和钱包弹出窗口来创造更流畅的用户体验，这对于用户来说可能很麻烦。它还允许开发人员构建在区块链上更像Web2应用程序的DAPP。

However, this added functionality might introduce potential security risks. Malicious dapps could try to trick users into signing harmless-looking messages that would steal their wallets if they hold valuable NFTs or tokens.

但是，这种附加功能可能会引入潜在的安全风险。恶意Dapps可能会试图欺骗用户签署无害的消息，如果他们拿着宝贵的NFT或令牌，这些消息将窃取钱包。

Despite this, many in the community believe EIP-7702 is safe if used properly and is narrow enough to avoid major risks.

尽管如此，社区中的许多人认为，如果正确使用EIP-7702是安全的，并且足够狭窄以避免重大风险。

Those in favor of the EIP argue that it will make Ethereum more user-friendly and efficient, while opponents have concerns about increased complexity and potential misuse.

那些赞成EIP的人认为，这将使以太坊更加用户友好和高效，而对手对增加的复杂性和潜在的滥用感到担忧。

Ethereum Upgrade Simplifies Institutional Staking (EIP-7251 & EIP-7002)

以太坊升级简化了机构的放样（EIP-7251和EIP-7002）

Ethereum’s validator system also received important upgrades with EIP-7251, which increases the staking limit per validator from 32 ETH to 2,048 ETH.

以太坊的验证器系统还通过EIP-7251进行了重要的升级，该系统将每个验证器的放电限制从32 ETH提高到2,048 ETH。

This change is especially helpful for institutional validators who had to manage many smaller validators to handle large amounts of capital. Now, with the higher limit, they can combine operations, cutting costs and making management easier.

此更改对于必须管理许多较小验证者来处理大量资本的机构验证者特别有用。现在，有了更高的限制，他们可以将操作结合起来，降低成本并使管理更容易。

Additionally, EIP-7002 streamlines the process for staking withdrawals. Previously, validators had to wait over 13 hours to generate withdrawal credentials from staking service providers.

此外，EIP-7002简化了戒断的过程。以前，验证者必须等待13个小时以上才能从Staking Service提供商中产生提款凭证。

Now, validators can complete withdrawals in about 13 minutes and importantly, without needing a signed message from the provider, granting validators more control and reducing operational risk.

现在，验证者可以在大约13分钟内完成提款，重要的是，无需提供提供商的签名消息，从而授予验证者更多的控制和降低操作风险。

Pectra Upgrade Enhances Layer-2 Scalability (EIP-7691)

Pectra升级增强了2层可伸缩性（EIP-7691）

Further enhancing Ethereum’s scalability, EIP-7691 increases the number of data blobs that each block can support. These blobs are used by layer-2 rollup solutions, such as Optimism and Arbitrum, which depend on Ethereum for data.

EIP-7691进一步增强了以太坊的可伸缩性，增加了每个块可以支持的数据斑点的数量。这些斑点是由2层汇总解决方案（例如乐观和仲裁）使用的，这些解决方案依赖于以太坊的数据。

With the main system handling more rollups by supporting more data blobs per block, it effectively cuts transaction fees and allows more users and activity to occur without clogging the main chain.

随着主系统通过支持每个块的更多数据斑点来处理更多的汇总，它有效地削减了交易费用，并允许在不堵塞主链的情况下进行更多的用户和活动。

This change is a big step in making Ethereum's scaling system stronger for the future.

这种变化是使以太坊的扩展系统更加强大的一步。

Moreover, EIP-6110 improves how Ethereum’s execution and consensus layers work together. Now, validator deposits appear directly in the execution-layer block, speeding up the onboarding process and reducing the need for indirect communication.

此外，EIP-6110改善了以太坊的执行和共识层如何共同工作。现在，验证器存款直接出现在执行层中，从而加快了入职过程并减少了间接通信的需求。

This small change makes data more efficient and strengthens Ethereum’s unified system.

这种小的变化使数据更有效，并增强了以太坊的统一系统。

Finally, while earlier bugs affected the Holesky and Sepolia test networks, developers have fixed these problems. As a result, the mainnet upgrade went smoothly, showing the cooperation and strength of Ethereum's client developers and the broader community.

最后，尽管较早的错误影响了Holesky和Sepolia测试网络，但开发人员已经解决了这些问题。结果，主网升级顺利进行，显示了以太坊客户开发人员和更广泛的社区的合作和力量。

The Pectra upgrade is bullish for Ethereum as it boosts scalability, improves user experience, and enhances institutional staking. Key features like smart accounts (EIP-7702), higher staking limits (EIP-7251), and more data capacity for layer-2s (EIP-7691) make Ethereum more efficient, user-friendly, and attractive to developers and investors, strengthening its ecosystem and long-term value.

Pectra升级是对以太坊的看涨，因为它可以提高可扩展性，提高用户体验并增强机构的积分。诸如SMART帐户（EIP-7702），更高的放入限制（EIP-7251）以及更多的2层数据能力（EIP-7691）之类的关键功能使以太坊更有效，用户友好，并且对开发人员和投资者有吸引力，从而增强其生态系统和长期价值。