一種新的用於水電池的干燥電極可提供陰極的碘和鋰離子電池的兩倍以上

阿德萊德大學的研究人員開發了一種針對鋅 - 碘電池的新乾電技術，避免了傳統的碘混合碘。

Researchers at the University of Adelaide have developed a new dry electrode for aqueous batteries which delivers cathodes with more than double the performance of iodine and lithium-ion batteries.

阿德萊德大學的研究人員開發了一種用於水電池的新乾電電極，該電池可為碘和鋰離子電池的性能提供兩倍以上的陰極。

The team, led by Professor Shizhang Qiao, Chair of Nanotechnology, and Director, Centre for Materials in Energy and Catalysis, at the School of Chemical Engineering, has published their results in the journal Joule.

該團隊由納米技術主席Shizhang Qiao教授兼化學工程學院能源與催化材料中心主任，已在《 Jourle》雜誌上發表了結果。

Aqueous zinc–iodine batteries offer unparalleled safety, sustainability, and cost advantages for grid-scale storage, but they suffer from performance issues compared to lithium-ion batteries.

水鋅 - 碘電池提供了無與倫比的安全性，可持續性和網格尺度存儲的成本優勢，但與鋰離子電池相比，它們遭受了性能問題。

The researchers devised a simple yet effective strategy to achieve high-energy, long-life zinc–iodine batteries. They mixed active materials as dry powders and rolled them into thick, self-supporting electrodes.

研究人員制定了一種簡單而有效的策略，以實現高能量，長壽命鋅 - 碘電池。它們將活性材料混合為乾粉，並將其捲成厚的自支撐電極。

At the same time, they added a small amount of a simple chemical, called 1,3,5-trioxane, to the electrolyte, which turns into a flexible protective film on the zinc surface during charging. This film keeps zinc from forming sharp dendrites that can short the battery.

同時，他們將少量的簡單化學物質（稱為1,3,5-三氧烷）添加到電解質中，該化學物質在充電過程中變成了鋅表面上的柔性保護膜。這部電影可防止鋅形成可以短電池的鋒利的樹突。

The new technique for electrode preparation resulted in record-high loading of 100 mg of active material per cm2. After charging the pouch cells that use the new electrodes, they retained 88.6 per cent of their capacity after 750 cycles and coin cells kept nearly 99.8 per cent capacity after 500 cycles.

電極製備的新技術導致每CM2的100 mg活性材料的載荷創紀錄。在使用新電極的小袋電池充電後，在750個週期和硬幣細胞後，它們保留了88.6％的容量，在500個週期後保持近99.8％的容量。

The researchers directly observed how the protective film forms on the zinc by using synchrotron infrared measurements.

研究人員直接觀察瞭如何通過使用同步加速器紅外測量在鋅上形成保護膜。

This work paves the way for the development of next-generation metal–halogen batteries with superior performance and energy density.

這項工作為開發具有卓越性能和能量密度的下一代金屬 - 腔內電池鋪平了道路。

“We have developed a new electrode technique for zinc–iodine batteries that avoids traditional wet mixing of iodine,” said Professor Qiao.

Qiao教授說：“我們已經開發了一種針對鋅 - 碘電池的新電極技術，該技術避免了傳統的碘混合。”

“We mixed active materials as dry powders and rolled them into thick, self-supporting electrodes.

“我們將活性材料當作乾粉末混合，並將其捲成濃稠的自支撐電極。

“At the same time, we added a small amount of a simple chemical, called 1,3,5-trioxane, to the electrolyte, which turns into a flexible protective film on the zinc surface during charging.

“與此同時，我們在電解質中添加了少量的簡單化學物質，稱為1,3,5-三氧烷，該化學物質在充電過程中變成了鋅表面上的柔性保護膜。

“This film keeps zinc from forming sharp dendrites – needle-like structures that can form on the surface of the zinc anode during charging and discharging – that can short the battery.”

“這部電影可防止鋅形成鋒利的樹突 - 在充電和排放過程中可以在鋅陽極表面形成的針狀結構 - 可以短。”

There are several advantages of the team’s invention over existing battery technology:

該團隊發明比現有電池技術有幾個優勢：

* The new technology will benefit energy storage providers – especially for renewable integration and grid balancing – who will gain lower-cost, safer, long-lasting batteries.

*新技術將使儲能提供商（尤其是對於可再生的集成和電網平衡）受益，他們將獲得低成本，更安全，持久的電池。

* Industries needing large, stable energy banks, for example, utilities and microgrids, could adopt this technology sooner.

*需要大型，穩定的能源銀行的行業，例如公用事業和微電網，可以更快地採用這項技術。

The team has plans to develop the technology further to expand its capabilities.

該團隊計劃進一步開發該技術以擴大其功能。

“Production of the electrodes could be scaled up by using to reel-to-reel manufacturing,” said Professor Qiao.

Qiao教授說：“可以通過使用捲到凝膠製造來擴展電極的生產。”

“By optimising lighter current collectors and reducing excess electrolyte, the overall system energy density could be doubled from around 45 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh kg−1) to around 90 Wh kg−1.

“通過優化較輕的電流收集器並減少多餘的電解質，總體系統能量密度可以從每公斤約45瓦小時（WH kg-1）增加一倍，達到90 WH kg-1。

“We will also test the performance of other halogen chemistries such as bromine systems, using the same dry-process approach.”

“我們還將使用相同的干process方法測試其他鹵素化學（例如溴化物系統）的性能。”

The researchers hope that their invention will lead to the development of even better and more efficient batteries in the future.

研究人員希望他們的發明將導致未來更好，更高效的電池的開發。