BitTorrent 的演進：從 P2P 檔案分享到區塊鏈創新

BitTorrent 於 2001 年推出，是點對點 (P2P) 檔案共享領域的遊戲規則改變者，佔所有網路流量的三分之一

Launched in 2001, BitTorrent was a game-changer in the world of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing and quickly became a major player in the internet landscape. Within a few years of its initial release, BitTorrent was responsible for one-third of all internet traffic. However, as the internet continued to evolve, the limitations of BitTorrent’s incentive structure became increasingly apparent, leading to a decline in its usage.

BitTorrent 於 2001 年推出，是點對點 (P2P) 檔案共享領域的遊戲規則改變者，並迅速成為網路領域的主要參與者。在其首次發布的幾年內，BitTorrent 就佔據了所有網路流量的三分之一。然而，隨著網路的不斷發展，BitTorrent 激勵結構的限制變得越來越明顯，導致其使用量下降。

In 2018, BitTorrent was acquired by Tron, marking the beginning of a new chapter in its evolution. Tron expanded BitTorrent’s scope beyond file sharing by integrating blockchain technology, leading to the creation of new systems such as the BitTorrent Filesystem (BTFS) and, more recently, the BitTorrent Chain (BTTC). The BitTorrent (BTT) token serves as the utility token for each of these networks.

2018年，BitTorrent被Tron收購，標誌著其發展的新篇章的開始。 Tron 透過整合區塊鏈技術，將 BitTorrent 的範圍擴展到檔案共享之外，從而創建了 BitTorrent 檔案系統 (BTFS) 以及最近的 BitTorrent 鏈 (BTTC) 等新系統。 BitTorrent (BTT) 代幣可作為每個網路的實用代幣。

BTFS is a decentralized file storage system that rewards users with BTT tokens for long-term file storage. It addresses the limitations of the original BitTorrent protocol, which relied heavily on altruism. Under the original protocol, users would often cease seeding files after their downloads were complete, a phenomenon known as the tragedy of the commons. BTFS, on the other hand, motivates miners to maintain files over extended periods by offering BTT token rewards as an incentive.

BTFS 是一個去中心化的文件儲存系統，透過 BTT 代幣獎勵用戶進行長期文件儲存。它解決了原始 BitTorrent 協議的局限性，該協議嚴重依賴利他主義。在原始協議下，用戶通常會在下載完成後停止播種文件，這種現象稱為「公地悲劇」。另一方面，BTFS 透過提供 BTT 代幣獎勵作為激勵，激勵礦工長期維護文件。

Currently, over eight million storage miners are active on the network, and more than six pebibytes of data have been stored. The successful implementation of BTFS laid the groundwork for further blockchain integration in the BitTorrent ecosystem and the development of BTTC.

目前，網路上活躍的儲存礦工超過 800 萬，已儲存超過 6PB 的資料。 BTFS的成功落地，為區塊鏈進一步融入BitTorrent生態系統以及BTTC的發展奠定了基礎。

BTTC was created to address the need for seamless asset transfers between different blockchain networks. It is designed as a scalable interoperability layer that connects Tron and EVM-based chains. BTTC achieves high transaction throughput and low fees by leveraging a network of proof-of-stake sidechains derived from Cosmos’ Tendermint software stack. Validators stake BTT on Tron, and slashing conditions are applied to ensure the integrity of the network.

BTTC 的創建是為了解決不同區塊鏈網路之間無縫資產轉移的需求。它被設計為一個可擴展的互通層，連接 Tron 和基於 EVM 的鏈。 BTTC 透過利用源自 Cosmos Tendermint 軟體堆疊的權益證明側鏈網絡，實現了高交易吞吐量和低費用。驗證者將 BTT 質押在 Tron 上，並應用削減條件來確保網路的完整性。

BTTC facilitates asset transfers across different chains, including Tron, Ethereum and the BNB Smart Chain. For these transfers, BTTC employs a lock-and-mint model, where tokens are locked on one chain and minted on BTTC. The network processes approximately 7,000 transactions per second with a block time of three seconds. Average gas fees are below $0.01. Security and reliability are maintained by 12 active validators, supported by over 6,200 stakers (figure 1).

BTTC 促進不同鏈之間的資產轉移，包括 Tron、以太坊和 BNB 智慧鏈。對於這些轉賬，BTTC 採用鎖定鑄造模型，將代幣鎖定在一條鏈上並在 BTTC 上鑄造。該網路每秒處理約 7,000 筆交易，出塊時間為 3 秒。平均汽油費低於 0.01 美元。安全性和可靠性由 12 個活躍驗證者維護，並得到超過 6,200 名質押者的支持（圖 1）。

To further enhance the user experience, BTTC incorporates a relayer service that accelerates the withdrawal of assets across different blockchain networks. Under normal conditions, withdrawing assets from BTTC to another blockchain can incur a delay of 15 to 30 minutes due to the need for checkpoint validation. Relayers are independent service providers who facilitate faster withdrawals by handling the cross-chain communication and pre-paying the necessary gas fees on the target chain. They do this in exchange for a service fee, which is typically set at 120% of the gas cost for the withdrawal transaction.

為了進一步增強用戶體驗，BTTC 引入了中繼服務，可加速跨不同區塊鏈網路的資產提取。正常情況下，由於需要檢查點驗證，從 BTTC 提取資產到另一個區塊鏈可能會出現 15 至 30 分鐘的延遲。中繼者是獨立的服務提供者，他們透過處理跨鏈通訊並在目標鏈上預付必要的燃氣費用來促進更快的提款。他們這樣做是為了換取服務費，該服務費通常設定為提款交易的 Gas 成本的 120%。

The backbone of the ecosystem is the BTT token, which is integral to both BTFS and BTTC’s operations. It has a fixed supply of 990 trillion tokens, following a redenomination from the original 990 billion tokens in 2022 (figure 2).

該生態系統的支柱是 BTT 代幣，它是 BTFS 和 BTTC 運作不可或缺的一部分。在 2022 年對最初的 9,900 億個代幣進行重新計價後，它的固定供應量為 990 兆個代幣（圖 2）。

Each year, approximately 7 trillion BTT tokens are distributed as staking and validation rewards, which constitutes 0.7% of the total BTT supply. This distribution encourages active participation from users, offering an attractive annual percentage yield of 17.65% for those who choose to stake their BTT tokens.

每年，大約有 7 兆個 BTT 代幣作為質押和驗證獎勵進行分配，佔 BTT 總供應量的 0.7%。這種分配鼓勵用戶積極參與，為那些選擇質押 BTT 代幣的用戶提供 17.65% 的有吸引力的年收益率。

Currently, 39.9 trillion BTT are staked, which is 4% of its total supply. Apart from staking, BTT also serves as the primary currency within the BTFS to reward storage miners who store data on the network. The BTFS system generates around 7 billion BTT in daily organic protocol revenues, and miners receive incentives of about 7.5 billion BTT daily.

目前，BTT 質押量為 39.9 兆，佔其總供應量的 4%。除了質押之外，BTT 還充當 BTFS 內的主要貨幣，以獎勵在網路上儲存資料的儲存礦工。 BTFS 系統每天產生約 70 億 BTT 的有機協議收入，礦工每天獲得約 75 億 BTT 的誘因。

Looking ahead, BTTC is expected to play a central role in Tron’s upcoming initiatives, especially its integration with the Bitcoin ecosystem. Future developments include increasing the availability of wrapped Bitcoin assets on the Tron and BTTC networks, collaborating with Bitcoin layer-2 projects and creating a layer-2 solution that integrates Tron, BTTC and Bitcoin. This will allow Tron and BTTC to tap into Bitcoin’s security and liquidity with the speed and cost advantages of BTTC’s proof-of-stake system.

展望未來，BTTC 預計將在波場即將推出的舉措中發揮核心作用，尤其是與比特幣生態系統的整合。未來的發展包括增加Tron和BTTC網路上打包的比特幣資產的可用性，與比特幣第2層專案合作以及創建整合Tron、BTTC和比特幣的第2層解決方案。這將使 Tron 和 BTTC 能夠利用 BTTC 權益證明系統的速度和成本優勢，利用比特幣的安全性和流動性。

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

本文不包含投資建議或建議。每一項投資和交易行為都涉及風險，讀者在做決定時應自行研究。