BitTorrent 的演变：从 P2P 文件共享到区块链创新

BitTorrent 于 2001 年推出，是点对点 (P2P) 文件共享领域的游戏规则改变者，占所有互联网流量的三分之一

Launched in 2001, BitTorrent was a game-changer in the world of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing and quickly became a major player in the internet landscape. Within a few years of its initial release, BitTorrent was responsible for one-third of all internet traffic. However, as the internet continued to evolve, the limitations of BitTorrent’s incentive structure became increasingly apparent, leading to a decline in its usage.

BitTorrent 于 2001 年推出，是点对点 (P2P) 文件共享领域的游戏规则改变者，并迅速成为互联网领域的主要参与者。在其首次发布的几年内，BitTorrent 就占据了所有互联网流量的三分之一。然而，随着互联网的不断发展，BitTorrent 激励结构的局限性变得越来越明显，导致其使用量下降。

In 2018, BitTorrent was acquired by Tron, marking the beginning of a new chapter in its evolution. Tron expanded BitTorrent’s scope beyond file sharing by integrating blockchain technology, leading to the creation of new systems such as the BitTorrent Filesystem (BTFS) and, more recently, the BitTorrent Chain (BTTC). The BitTorrent (BTT) token serves as the utility token for each of these networks.

2018年，BitTorrent被Tron收购，标志着其发展的新篇章的开始。 Tron 通过集成区块链技术，将 BitTorrent 的范围扩展到文件共享之外，从而创建了 BitTorrent 文件系统 (BTFS) 以及最近的 BitTorrent 链 (BTTC) 等新系统。 BitTorrent (BTT) 代币充当每个网络的实用代币。

BTFS is a decentralized file storage system that rewards users with BTT tokens for long-term file storage. It addresses the limitations of the original BitTorrent protocol, which relied heavily on altruism. Under the original protocol, users would often cease seeding files after their downloads were complete, a phenomenon known as the tragedy of the commons. BTFS, on the other hand, motivates miners to maintain files over extended periods by offering BTT token rewards as an incentive.

BTFS 是一个去中心化的文件存储系统，通过 BTT 代币奖励用户进行长期文件存储。它解决了原始 BitTorrent 协议的局限性，该协议严重依赖利他主义。在原始协议下，用户通常会在下载完成后停止播种文件，这种现象被称为“公地悲剧”。另一方面，BTFS 通过提供 BTT 代币奖励作为激励，激励矿工长期维护文件。

Currently, over eight million storage miners are active on the network, and more than six pebibytes of data have been stored. The successful implementation of BTFS laid the groundwork for further blockchain integration in the BitTorrent ecosystem and the development of BTTC.

目前，网络上活跃的存储矿工超过 800 万，已存储超过 6PB 的数据。 BTFS的成功落地，为区块链进一步融入BitTorrent生态系统以及BTTC的发展奠定了基础。

BTTC was created to address the need for seamless asset transfers between different blockchain networks. It is designed as a scalable interoperability layer that connects Tron and EVM-based chains. BTTC achieves high transaction throughput and low fees by leveraging a network of proof-of-stake sidechains derived from Cosmos’ Tendermint software stack. Validators stake BTT on Tron, and slashing conditions are applied to ensure the integrity of the network.

BTTC 的创建是为了解决不同区块链网络之间无缝资产转移的需求。它被设计为一个可扩展的互操作层，连接 Tron 和基于 EVM 的链。 BTTC 通过利用源自 Cosmos Tendermint 软件堆栈的权益证明侧链网络，实现了高交易吞吐量和低费用。验证者将 BTT 质押在 Tron 上，并应用削减条件来确保网络的完整性。

BTTC facilitates asset transfers across different chains, including Tron, Ethereum and the BNB Smart Chain. For these transfers, BTTC employs a lock-and-mint model, where tokens are locked on one chain and minted on BTTC. The network processes approximately 7,000 transactions per second with a block time of three seconds. Average gas fees are below $0.01. Security and reliability are maintained by 12 active validators, supported by over 6,200 stakers (figure 1).

BTTC 促进不同链之间的资产转移，包括 Tron、以太坊和 BNB 智能链。对于这些转账，BTTC 采用锁定铸造模型，将代币锁定在一条链上并在 BTTC 上铸造。该网络每秒处理大约 7,000 个交易，出块时间为 3 秒。平均汽油费低于 0.01 美元。安全性和可靠性由 12 个活跃验证者维护，并得到超过 6,200 名质押者的支持（图 1）。

To further enhance the user experience, BTTC incorporates a relayer service that accelerates the withdrawal of assets across different blockchain networks. Under normal conditions, withdrawing assets from BTTC to another blockchain can incur a delay of 15 to 30 minutes due to the need for checkpoint validation. Relayers are independent service providers who facilitate faster withdrawals by handling the cross-chain communication and pre-paying the necessary gas fees on the target chain. They do this in exchange for a service fee, which is typically set at 120% of the gas cost for the withdrawal transaction.

为了进一步增强用户体验，BTTC 引入了中继服务，可加速跨不同区块链网络的资产提取。正常情况下，由于需要检查点验证，从 BTTC 提取资产到另一个区块链可能会出现 15 至 30 分钟的延迟。中继者是独立的服务提供商，他们通过处理跨链通信并在目标链上预付必要的燃气费来促进更快的提款。他们这样做是为了换取服务费，该服务费通常设置为提款交易的 Gas 成本的 120%。

The backbone of the ecosystem is the BTT token, which is integral to both BTFS and BTTC’s operations. It has a fixed supply of 990 trillion tokens, following a redenomination from the original 990 billion tokens in 2022 (figure 2).

该生态系统的支柱是 BTT 代币，它是 BTFS 和 BTTC 运营不可或缺的一部分。在 2022 年对最初的 9900 亿个代币进行重新计价后，它的固定供应量为 990 万亿个代币（图 2）。

Each year, approximately 7 trillion BTT tokens are distributed as staking and validation rewards, which constitutes 0.7% of the total BTT supply. This distribution encourages active participation from users, offering an attractive annual percentage yield of 17.65% for those who choose to stake their BTT tokens.

每年，大约有 7 万亿个 BTT 代币作为质押和验证奖励进行分配，占 BTT 总供应量的 0.7%。这种分配鼓励用户积极参与，为那些选择质押 BTT 代币的用户提供 17.65% 的有吸引力的年收益率。

Currently, 39.9 trillion BTT are staked, which is 4% of its total supply. Apart from staking, BTT also serves as the primary currency within the BTFS to reward storage miners who store data on the network. The BTFS system generates around 7 billion BTT in daily organic protocol revenues, and miners receive incentives of about 7.5 billion BTT daily.

目前，BTT 质押量为 39.9 万亿，占其总供应量的 4%。除了质押之外，BTT 还充当 BTFS 内的主要货币，以奖励在网络上存储数据的存储矿工。 BTFS 系统每天产生约 70 亿 BTT 的有机协议收入，矿工每天获得约 75 亿 BTT 的激励。

Looking ahead, BTTC is expected to play a central role in Tron’s upcoming initiatives, especially its integration with the Bitcoin ecosystem. Future developments include increasing the availability of wrapped Bitcoin assets on the Tron and BTTC networks, collaborating with Bitcoin layer-2 projects and creating a layer-2 solution that integrates Tron, BTTC and Bitcoin. This will allow Tron and BTTC to tap into Bitcoin’s security and liquidity with the speed and cost advantages of BTTC’s proof-of-stake system.

展望未来，BTTC 预计将在波场即将推出的举措中发挥核心作用，尤其是与比特币生态系统的整合。未来的发展包括增加Tron和BTTC网络上打包的比特币资产的可用性，与比特币第2层项目合作以及创建集成Tron、BTTC和比特币的第2层解决方案。这将使 Tron 和 BTTC 能够利用 BTTC 权益证明系统的速度和成本优势，利用比特币的安全性和流动性。

This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision.

本文不包含投资建议或建议。每一项投资和交易行为都涉及风险，读者在做出决定时应自行研究。