Aleo的動態碎片和防ZK-Proforms解決了區塊鏈可伸縮性問題

一個人只需要快速進行Google搜索即可查看區塊鏈可伸縮性問題的明顯範圍，但是這仍然是一個主要問題的觀念是不正確的。

One only needs to do a quick Google search to see the apparent extent of the blockchain scalability problem, but the notion that it’s still a major issue is untrue.

只需要快速進行Google搜索即可查看區塊鏈可伸縮性問題的明顯範圍，但是這仍然是主要問題的觀念是不正確的。

In fact, numerous solutions have not only been proposed but also already implemented in real-world scenarios. The fact that scalability continues to be considered an issue is due to the enduring popularity of more established blockchains such as Ethereum and Bitcoin, but many people fail to realize that even these networks have the problem under control.

實際上，已經提出了許多解決方案，而且已經在現實情況下已經實施了。繼續認為可伸縮性的事實是由於以太坊和比特幣等更具成熟的區塊鏈的持久普及，但許多人沒有意識到，即使這些網絡也存在控制問題。

Unfortunately, it seems that many people just aren’t aware of the best solutions to blockchain scalability, or they don’t know how to access them, hence the myth that it’s a problem that still needs to be addressed. But with any luck, that will soon change.

不幸的是，似乎許多人只是不了解區塊鏈可擴展性的最佳解決方案，或者他們不知道如何訪問它們，因此神話是，這仍然是一個需要解決的問題。但是幸運的是，這很快就會改變。

Why couldn’t blockchains scale?

為什麼區塊鏈不能擴展？

Blockchains are decentralized networks that enable users to interact with one another without any central authority. They’re made up of independent nodes that run the blockchain software, with each one having equal rights to every other node in the network. These nodes work together to process transactions and reach agreement on the state of the ledger, using specialized consensus mechanisms.

區塊鍊是分散的網絡，使用戶能夠在沒有任何中央權威的情況下相互互動。它們由運行區塊鏈軟件的獨立節點組成，每個節點都具有網絡中其他每個節點的平等權利。這些節點共同使用專門的共識機制來處理交易並達成有關分類帳狀態的一致性。

As the popularity of early networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum grew, the scalability of blockchain was indeed a major challenge. As the number of nodes increased and more people started using these networks, they started to experience congestion, and transactions that once took a few seconds would experience delays of minutes, and eventually even hours. It’s not unheard of for some Bitcoin user to wait several days before their transactions are confirmed!

隨著比特幣和以太坊等早期網絡的普及，區塊鏈的可擴展性確實是一個主要挑戰。隨著節點的數量增加，越來越多的人開始使用這些網絡，他們開始遇到擁堵，曾經花了幾秒鐘的交易將經歷延誤的時間，甚至幾個小時。一些比特幣用戶要等幾天才能確認交易並非聞所未聞！

It’s not difficult to understand why this happens because Bitcoin’s architecture means it can only process around seven transactions per second. That’s pretty poor compared to Visa, which can handle several thousand transactions per second, and it’s easy to see how a backlog can quickly build up when the network is busy.

不難理解為什麼會發生這種情況，因為比特幣的體系結構意味著它每秒只能處理七筆交易。與Visa相比，這是非常差的，Visa可以處理每秒幾千筆交易，而且很容易看出在網絡忙碌時積壓如何快速積累。

Ethereum is similarly limited, and there are several reasons for this poor performance. One of the main limitations is the processing power of blockchain nodes. In the case of Bitcoin, which utilizes a proof-of-work consensus mechanism where nodes compete to solve increasingly complex mathematical puzzles, the hardware requirements increase progressively over time. Whereas it was once possible to “mine” Bitcoin using a PC, these days it’s necessary to invest in thousands of dollars worth of high-end processors to be able to compete successfully in the race to process transactions. These hardware problems constrain the transaction throughput of nodes and can also impact Ethereum, albeit to a lesser extent. Because each of the nodes must achieve consensus before new blocks are created, this holds back the network.

以太坊也受到同樣的限制，這種表現不佳的原因有很多。主要局限性之一是區塊鏈節點的處理能力。在比特幣的情況下，該比特幣利用了工作證明的共識機制，在該機制中，節點競爭解決日益複雜的數學難題，硬件要求隨著時間的推移逐漸增加。儘管曾經有可能使用PC“挖掘”比特幣，但如今，有必要投資價值數千美元的高端處理器，以便能夠成功競爭處理交易。這些硬件問題限制了節點的交易吞吐量，也可能影響以太坊，儘管程度較小。因為每個節點都必須在創建新塊之前達成共識，所以這會阻止網絡。

Another key challenge is the limited block size of Bitcoin and Ethereum. In the early days, Bitcoin block sizes were capped at around 1 megabyte, meaning each block could include roughly 2,200 transactions. However, the network’s architecture only supports one new block being added every 10 minutes, creating a bottleneck as the number of transactions increases.

另一個關鍵挑戰是比特幣和以太坊的有限大小。在早期，比特幣塊尺寸限制為約1兆字節，這意味著每個塊可能包括大約2200次交易。但是，該網絡的體系結構僅支持一次每10分鐘添加一個新塊，從而隨著交易數量的增加而產生瓶頸。

ZK-proofs & sharding

ZK-PROFFORANG＆SHARDING

Scalability is still a problem for Bitcoin and Ethereum, but that’s not really the case on newer blockchains that feature optimized architectures.

可伸縮性仍然是比特幣和以太坊的問題，但是在具有優化體系結構的較新區塊鏈上並不是這樣。

One of the most impressive solutions comes from Aleo, a confidential Layer-1 network that’s focused on enabling private transactions to encourage institutional adoption. It has implemented a combination of zero-knowledge proofs and a novel sharding technique that dramatically increases the number of private transactions it can process.

最令人印象深刻的解決方案之一來自Aleo，Aleo是一個機密的層網絡，其重點是使私人交易能夠鼓勵機構採用。它已經實施了零知識證明和一種新穎的碎片技術的組合，該技術大大增加了它可以處理的私人交易數量。

With its ZK-proofs, Aleo is enabling blockchain users to send funds privately to any other user by obscuring the wallet addresses of themselves and the recipients, in addition to the amounts sent. As one of the most sophisticated blockchain privacy technologies, ZK-proofs ensure transactions are completely untraceable. But there’s another advantage to ZK-proofs as well, because by masking many of the transaction details, it means there’s less data for the network to process, reducing the computational load. As a result, transactions can be processed faster.

ALEO憑藉其ZK-PROFFARES，使區塊鏈用戶能夠通過掩蓋自己和收件人的錢包地址以及發送的金額來私下向任何其他用戶發送資金。作為最複雜的區塊鏈隱私技術之一，ZK-PROFFORDS確保交易是完全無法追踪的。但是，對於ZK-Proforms還有另一個優勢，因為掩蓋了許多交易詳細信息，這意味著網絡處理的數據較少，減少了計算負載。結果，可以更快地處理交易。

As for sharding, this means dividing up the network into smaller fragments called “shards”, which can be managed by the network more efficiently. In the case of Aleo, this means processing transactions and smart contracts separately, in parallel, to increase the overall throughput. Sharding also provides privacy benefits. Because only one node is responsible for processing certain transactions, the details will not be shared with the rest of the network, only the final outcomes.

至於碎片，這意味著將網絡分為稱為“碎片”的較小片段，該片段可以更有效地由網絡管理。就Aleo而言，這意味著並行處理交易和智能合約以增加總體吞吐量。碎片還提供隱私益處。因為只有一個節點負責處理某些交易，所以詳細信息將不會與網絡的其餘部分共享，而只能與最終結果共享。

Aleo isn’t the only blockchain to employ sharding, but the way it handles things is pretty innovative. It utilizes a number of components, with the most critical one being a dynamic sharding mechanism that allows the size and number of shards to be altered based on the current network load. By dynamically creating and merging shards, Aleo provides more flexibility to support massive transaction volumes when traffic increases, at the cost of using more energy. Then, it can scale down during quieter times to save energy.

Aleo並不是唯一使用碎片的區塊鏈，但是它處理事物的方式具有創新性。它利用了許多組件，其中最關鍵的是動態碎片機制，該機制允許根據當前的網絡負載更改碎片的大小和數量。通過動態創建和合併碎片，Aleo提供了更大的靈活性來支持交通量時，以使用更多的能量為代價。然後，它可以在更安靜的時期縮放以節省能源。

Load balancing is also

負載平衡也是