Web3 Is Happening on Telegram, and It's a Huge Deal

Telegram's long-standing ethos of openness and free speech, hence the paper plane as its logo, has landed the messaging platform and CEO Pavel Durov in legal trouble.

Telegram’s ethos of openness and free speech has brought the messaging platform and its CEO into the crosshairs of regulators. But it’s also enabled a surprising Web3 development – boosting real crypto adoption.

If you blinked, you might have missed it: Web3 – the concept of users having digital ownership powered by cryptography, blockchain and digital assets – is quietly taking over Telegram. And it’s doing so in a big way, making Web3 accessible on anyone’s smartphone in a development that’s been largely overlooked amid the recent slew of mostly negative Telegram news.

Crypto payments come alive

Telegram’s role in driving crypto adoption can be largely attributed to The Open Network (TON) blockchain, which has seen a resurgence. With over 950 million users, Telegram is one of the world’s most popular messaging apps and digital communities. TON’s blockchain was brought back to life by its community following the SEC’s enforcement action against it in 2020 – and it’s now thriving.

So, how is this playing out? Telegram, separate from the protocol-level work being undertaken by The Open Network Foundation, began integrating TON’s blockchain into its app. Toncoin payments for in-app advertising and stablecoin integration first became available in April 2024.

The number of transactions on TON’s blockchain over the past six months. Source: TON Stat

Usage of TON’s blockchain, based on the number of transactions, has surged since these crypto-friendly features were added to Telegram. According to data aggregator TON Stat, since payments and stablecoins became available in April 2024, TON on-chain transactions have averaged over 3.5 million per day.

Unpacking Web3

Web3 technologies are empowering anyone with a smartphone by loosening the grip of cumbersome middlemen like banks on financial access. This makes Web3 a powerful concept, as it can enable many who might be financially underserved to have a seat at the table.

Telegram “mini-apps” – third-party software within the app itself – are a big driver of TON’s transaction activity. Users are interacting, competing and earning rewards for regular engagement in many mini-app games. This has been a significant driver of economic activity on TON. For example, a play-to-earn game called Lost Dogs contributed to the spike of over 13.5 million transactions (shown in the chart above) that occurred at the end of August.

This isn’t classic crypto airdrop hunters or mercenary capital participating. It’s mostly ordinary users accessing games because they want to – because they’re fun. Admittedly, games like Lost Dogs may not be groundbreaking. But the engagement some of these are games experiencing, in the millions, is primary proof Web3 has arrived – and Telegram is a conduit.

TON is designed to handle higher throughput than most blockchains by using “workchains” to process a high number of transactions. But during the Lost Dogs airdrop of its DOGS token, validators on TON using older hardware had trouble keeping up, leading to two outages. This has provided insight into the load (and revamped validator rules for TON) required to onboard large quantities of consumers backed by a consensus blockchain system.

Mass adoption presents its own set of problems for scaling crypto, and those who have been working in the industry for some time have long been aware of this. Technically scaling crypto to millions upon millions of users has largely been stymied for user growth – until Telegram and TON.

Telegram natives to crypto natives

Games like Lost Dogs, Hamster Kombat and the Elon Musk-themed X Empire within the Telegram ecosystem are onboarding millions to crypto. Many users don’t realize it or even care. Getting people’s attention via gaming isn’t groundbreaking. But Telegram games are a source for mass adoption without having to onboard heavy crypto concepts at the start. Most of the world simply does not care a lick about brain-fuzzy intricacies like private keys, paying for gas and staking.

And that's fine, because mini-app users predominantly aren’t crypto natives - rather, they’re Telegram natives. These users talk to their friends on Telegram, stay updated with topics they like via groups and they play mini-app games on their phone. Then, the rewards stage "airdrop" arrives for these popular games and users are distributed what they have earned. DOGS, for example, now has a tail-wagging market capitalization of over $500 million according to CoinGecko.

Note: The views expressed in this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of CoinDesk, Inc. or its owners and affiliates.