参议员挑战司法部对加密隐私工具的打击

参议员 Cynthia Lummis 和 Ron Wyden 对司法部最近针对比特币隐私服务的行动表示担忧，敦促重新考虑。他们认为，司法部对未经许可的“货币服务业务”的解释与财政部的指导和国会的意图相矛盾。参议员们认为，这种解释可能会将非托管加密资产软件服务定为犯罪，因为他们声称这些服务是未经注册的货币传输者。

Senators Challenge DOJ Interpretation of Cryptocurrency Privacy Services

参议员挑战司法部对加密货币隐私服务的解释

United States Senators Cynthia Lummis and Ron Wyden have penned a letter to the Department of Justice (DOJ), expressing their concerns regarding the agency's recent enforcement actions against Bitcoin privacy services. The Senators argue that the DOJ's interpretation of what constitutes an unlicensed "money services business" (MSB) contradicts guidance from the Treasury Department and the intent of Congress.

美国参议员辛西娅·鲁米斯 (Cynthia Lummis) 和罗恩·怀登 (Ron Wyden) 致函司法部 (DOJ)，表达了他们对该机构最近针对比特币隐私服务的执法行动的担忧。参议员们认为，司法部对未经许可的“货币服务业务”（MSB）的解释与财政部的指导和国会的意图相矛盾。

DOJ's Interpretation Raises Concerns

美国司法部的解释引发担忧

The DOJ's recent actions, including the arrest of the founders of Bitcoin mixer Samourai Wallet, have sparked a legal debate about whether non-custodial crypto asset software services should be considered money transmission under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). Samourai Wallet's software facilitated CoinJoin transactions, a privacy-enhancing technique, without controlling users' funds.

美国司法部最近的行动，包括逮捕比特币混合器 Samourai Wallet 的创始人，引发了一场关于非托管加密资产软件服务是否应被视为《银行保密法》(BSA) 规定的资金传输的法律辩论。 Samourai Wallet 的软件促进了 CoinJoin 交易，这是一种隐私增强技术，无需控制用户的资金。

However, the DOJ alleges that the service was used for money laundering by criminals. This has raised concerns that the DOJ's interpretation could criminalize individuals and companies offering such services, even if they do not have actual control over funds.

然而，司法部声称该服务被犯罪分子用于洗钱。这引发了人们的担忧，即司法部的解释可能会将提供此类服务的个人和公司定为犯罪，即使他们对资金没有实际控制权。

Senators Seek Clarification

参议员寻求澄清

In their letter, Senators Lummis and Wyden emphasize the importance of clear definitions to prevent confusion and unintended consequences. They argue that the DOJ's interpretation of the BSA, which deems any service that facilitates the transfer of funds—even without actual control—as money transmission, is overly broad and problematic.

参议员卢米斯和怀登在信中强调了明确定义的重要性，以防止混淆和意外后果。他们认为，司法部对 BSA 的解释过于宽泛且存在问题，该解释认为任何促进资金转移的服务（即使没有实际控制权）都是资金转移。

The Senators highlight the need to differentiate between custodial and non-custodial crypto asset software services. Custodial services, such as exchanges and wallets that hold users' private keys, clearly fall under the definition of MSBs. However, non-custodial services, like Samourai Wallet, merely provide tools and do not control users' funds.

参议员们强调需要区分托管和非托管加密资产软件服务。托管服务，例如保存用户私钥的交易所和钱包，显然属于 MSB 的定义范围。然而，像 Samourai Wallet 这样的非托管服务仅提供工具，并不控制用户的资金。

Impact on Innovation and Privacy

对创新和隐私的影响

The Senators caution that subjecting developers of non-custodial crypto asset software to potential criminal liability would stifle innovation and undermine confidence in the DOJ's commitment to the rule of law. They believe that the DOJ's interpretation could extend to internet service providers and postal code carriers, which would have far-reaching consequences for the digital economy.

参议员们警告说，让非托管加密资产软件的开发者承担潜在的刑事责任将扼杀创新并削弱人们对司法部对法治承诺的信心。他们认为，司法部的解释可能会延伸到互联网服务提供商和邮政编码运营商，这将对数字经济产生深远的影响。

They also express concern over the DOJ's warning to crypto users about potential loss of funds in wallets provided by non-regulated entities. Such warnings, they argue, could create a chilling effect on the use of privacy-enhancing technologies.

他们还对司法部向加密货币用户发出的警告表示担忧，即非监管实体提供的钱包中的资金可能会损失。他们认为，此类警告可能会对隐私增强技术的使用产生寒蝉效应。

Comparison to Physical Property Transmission

与物理性质传输的比较

The DOJ's comparison of money transmission to the transfer of data via a USB cable or heat via a frying pan has further fueled the debate. Senators Lummis and Wyden question the validity of this analogy, arguing that physical property transmission is fundamentally different from the facilitation of financial transactions.

美国司法部将资金传输与通过 USB 电缆传输数据或通过煎锅加热进行的比较进一步加剧了争论。参议员卢米斯和怀登质疑这一类比的有效性，他们认为实物财产传输与金融交易的便利化有着根本的不同。

Need for a Clear Definition of MSBs

需要明确定义 MSB

The contrasting views between Senators Lummis and Wyden and the DOJ underscore the need for a clear definition of what constitutes an MSB in the context of cryptocurrency. The outcome of this debate could have significant implications for the development of crypto asset software and the privacy rights of users.

参议员 Lummis 和 Wyden 以及司法部之间的截然不同的观点强调，需要对加密货币背景下 MSB 的构成进行明确定义。这场辩论的结果可能会对加密资产软件的开发和用户的隐私权产生重大影响。

Conclusion

结论

The ongoing dialogue between the Senators and the DOJ highlights the challenges of regulating the rapidly evolving cryptocurrency industry. It remains to be seen how the DOJ will respond to the Senators' letter and whether it will adjust its enforcement actions against non-custodial crypto asset software services. The outcome of this debate will shape the future of crypto asset innovation and the balance between financial regulation and individual privacy.

参议员和司法部之间正在进行的对话凸显了监管快速发展的加密货币行业所面临的挑战。美国司法部将如何回应参议员的信，以及是否会调整针对非托管加密资产软件服务的执法行动，还有待观察。这场辩论的结果将塑造加密资产创新的未来以及金融监管和个人隐私之间的平衡。