以太坊 (ETH) 的 Gas 费用如何运作以及为何如此之高？

查找非常受欢迎的以太坊（ETH）网络时，很难不最终遇到它最相似的功能之一：汽油费。

When discussing the Ethereum (ETH) network, it's almost impossible to avoid encountering one of its most defining characteristics: gas fees.

在讨论以太坊（ETH）网络时，几乎不可能避免遇到其最具决定性的特征之一：汽油费。

While they can certainly seem a bit annoying at times, there's actually a very logical reason for these fees, along with a handful of ways to minimize them.

虽然它们有时看起来有点烦人，但实际上这些费用有一个非常合乎逻辑的原因，以及一些将其最小化的方法。

That said, keep reading as we explore how gas fees work, why they are necessary, and whether Ethereum has done a good enough job lowering them for its loyal crypto users over the years.

也就是说，请继续阅读，我们将探讨汽油费如何运作、为什么有必要，以及以太坊多年来是否在为其忠实的加密用户降低汽油费方面做得足够好。

What Is a Gas Fee?

什么是汽油费？

Gas fee refers to the amount a person must pay when executing a transaction on the Ethereum blockchain.

汽油费是指一个人在以太坊区块链上执行交易时必须支付的金额。

You might be thinking, isn't this virtually the same as a transaction fee?

您可能会想，这不是和交易费一样吗？

Yes, they are pretty identical, but while other crypto networks will use the term transaction fee, Ethereum refers to them as 'gas' since they keep the Ethereum 'computer' up and running, almost like pouring fuel into a car.

是的，它们非常相似，但是虽然其他加密网络将使用交易费这一术语，但以太坊将它们称为“天然气”，因为它们使以太坊“计算机”保持正常运行，就像将燃料倒入汽车一样。

Ethereum users must pay a gas fee for every transaction they make, whether buying cryptocurrency, NFTs, or any digital assets. The gas fee is not set in ETH, though, Etehreum's native token; it is calculated in Gwei.

以太坊用户必须为他们进行的每笔交易支付汽油费，无论是购买加密货币、NFT 还是任何数字资产。不过，Gas 费并不是以 ETH（Etehreum 的原生代币）形式设定的；它以 Gwei 计算。

What Is Gwei?

桂威是什么？

Don't worry—Gwei isn't some obscure crypto that you will need to acquire to execute transactions; it's simply a denomination of Ether.

别担心——Gwei 并不是您需要获取才能执行交易的一些不起眼的加密货币；它是一种加密货币。它只是以太币的一个面额。

In the same way that a cent is a denomination of the dollar, Gwei is a tiny fraction of an Ether, one billionth of a single token, to be exact.

就像美分是美元的面额一样，Gwei 是以太币的一小部分，准确地说是单个代币的十亿分之一。

To be clear, you will still pay for Ethereum's gas fees in Ether; it's just that Gwei can be used to round up a number and make it easier to refer to. Here is the Gwei to ETH equivalent for varying amounts:

需要明确的是，您仍然需要用以太币来支付以太坊的 Gas 费用；只是Gwei可以用来对数字进行四舍五入，方便参考。以下是不同金额的 Gwei 与 ETH 等值：

Knowing the difference between the two can be worth it so that you know what to expect when signing off on a transaction.

了解两者之间的区别是值得的，这样您就知道签署交易时会发生什么。

Why Gas Fees Are Necessary

为什么需要 Gas 费

When you pay a gas fee, the money doesn't go to a team of higher-ups or individuals working behind the scenes. Instead, it is sent to validators who work within the network itself.

当你支付汽油费时，这笔钱不会流向高层团队或幕后工作的个人。相反，它被发送给在网络本身内工作的验证者。

Just to be clear, Ethereum has used both Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake as methods of verifying blockchain transactions. The former includes validators competing with one another to process a new block of transactions, while the latter sees people staking their own tokens to become a validator.

需要明确的是，以太坊使用工作量证明和权益证明作为验证区块链交易的方法。前者包括验证者相互竞争以处理新的交易块，而后者则看到人们质押自己的代币成为验证者。

Both mechanisms involve individuals working to ensure each transaction that enters the network is reliable, safe, and secure, and therefore, they need to be paid. Validating transactions also uses up a lot of computing power and technical equipment, which the validators will also need to be paid for.

这两种机制都需要个人努力确保进入网络的每笔交易都是可靠、安全的，因此，他们需要得到报酬。验证交易也会消耗大量的计算能力和技术设备，验证者也需要为此付费。

This is, therefore, how gas fees work; they provide the compensation needed to attract people to join Ethereum as validators since without them, it would be a vulnerable, sluggish, and ultimately ineffective blockchain.

因此，这就是 Gas 费的运作方式；他们提供吸引人们加入以太坊作为验证者所需的补偿，因为如果没有他们，以太坊将是一个脆弱、缓慢且最终无效的区块链。

How Much Are Gas Fees on Ethereum?

以太坊的 Gas 费是多少？

Before we examine the average gas fee, it's important to understand that the exact price will be determined by supply and demand within the blockchain.

在我们检查平均汽油费之前，重要的是要了解确切的价格将由区块链内的供需决定。

To put it simply, gas fees can fluctuate wildly over the course of even a single day, but there are luckily platforms, such as Etherscan for example, that provide updates on the price in real-time.

简而言之，即使在一天之内，汽油费也可能会大幅波动，但幸运的是，有一些平台（例如 Etherscan）可以实时提供价格更新。

The average Ethereum gas fee tends to hover between 18 and 50 Gwei, though it can sometimes go higher or lower depending on network activity. For reference, here’s how much 18 Gwei would roughly be worth for each type of transaction:

以太坊平均 Gas 费往往徘徊在 18 到 50 Gwei 之间，但有时会根据网络活动而升高或降低。作为参考，以下是每种类型的交易 18 Gwei 的大致价值：

Base and Priority Fees

基本费用和优先费用

When looking up ETH gas prices, you might see a distinction between base and priority fees.

在查找 ETH Gas 价格时，您可能会发现基本费用和优先费用之间的区别。

The base fee was introduced in August 2021. As the name implies, it is the set fee for processing transactions determined by the network.

基本费用于 2021 年 8 月推出。顾名思义，它是由网络确定的处理交易的设定费用。

Priority fees are when the investor pays an extra amount to skip the line and have their order processed faster. The higher the tip, the faster your transaction will be processed, making it ideal for day traders looking to capitalize on sudden price movements.

优先费是指投资者支付额外费用以跳过排队并更快地处理订单。小费越高，您的交易处理速度就越快，这对于希望利用突然的价格变动获利的日间交易者来说是理想的选择。

Why Gas Fees Can Be So High

为什么汽油费会这么高

The main reason Ethereum can attract such high gas prices is simply its size and popularity.

以太坊能够吸引如此高的 Gas 价格的主要原因就是它的规模和受欢迎程度。

It's worth remembering that Ethereum is the second largest crypto network on the planet in terms of active users, only trailing behind Bitcoin (BTC). In 2024 alone, over 500,000 active addresses were associated with the Ethereum blockchain daily.

值得记住的是，就活跃用户而言，以太坊是全球第二大加密网络，仅次于比特币（BTC）。仅 2024 年，每天就有超过 500,000 个活跃地址与以太坊区块链相关联。

Additionally, many recognize Ethereum as the home of dApps and NFTs, another reason it has garnered such an immensely large audience.

此外，许多人认为以太坊是 dApp 和 NFT 的发源地，这也是它吸引如此众多受众的另一个原因。

With more people comes more transactions and, in turn, more work for the validators, for which they will need to be paid. This will reflect on the users, who will be required to pay more, especially during peak trading hours when validators are most busy.

随着人数的增加，交易量也会增加，验证者的工作量也会增加，而他们需要为此付费。这将反映在用户身上，他们将被要求支付更多费用，尤其是在验证者最繁忙的交易高峰时段。

Thankfully, though, there are a handful of methods that can be

不过值得庆幸的是，有一些方法可以