由于监管真空，印度加密货币欺诈猖獗

加密货币是一种不受监管的投资，由于其容易遭受欺诈，因此面临着监管机构和倡导者越来越严格的审查。尽管虚拟资产越来越受欢迎，但全球虚拟资产法规的合规性仍然很低。随着印度成为加密货币中心，它面临着众多挑战，包括人口贩运、毒品滥用、洗钱和恐怖主义融资。加密货币诈骗在印度激增，造成重大财务损失。该国加密货币不受监管的性质带来了融资扩散的风险，凸显了需要强有力的监管和监督来减轻这些威胁。

Cryptocurrency: A Caveat for Financial Fraud and its Implications on India

加密货币：金融欺诈的警告及其对印度的影响

Unregulated Digital Assets: A Breeding Ground for Fraud

不受监管的数字资产：欺诈的滋生地

In the burgeoning landscape of digital finance, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a highly volatile and largely unregulated investment domain. This absence of oversight has rendered this sector susceptible to rampant fraud, prompting warnings from federal regulators and consumer advocates alike. The popularity of cryptocurrencies has surged during the pandemic, enticing investors with the promise of lucrative returns. However, the industry's current valuation of $2.65 trillion belies a deceptive allure, as these assets remain vulnerable to fraudulent schemes.

在蓬勃发展的数字金融领域，加密货币已成为高度波动且基本上不受监管的投资领域。由于缺乏监管，该行业容易受到猖獗的欺诈行为的影响，这引发了联邦监管机构和消费者权益倡导者等的警告。在大流行期间，加密货币的受欢迎程度激增，以丰厚回报的承诺吸引了投资者。然而，该行业目前 2.65 万亿美元的估值掩盖了欺骗性的诱惑，因为这些资产仍然容易受到欺诈计划的影响。

International Regulatory Shortcomings: Hindering Compliance

国际监管缺陷：阻碍合规

In 2019, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) adopted a standard on virtual assets (VA) and virtual asset service providers (VASP) as per recommendations 15, R.15. This standard sought to combat money laundering and terrorist financing associated with cryptocurrencies. However, the implementation of these regulations has been sluggish globally, with compliance lagging behind other financial sectors. Based on 98 FATF mutual evaluations and follow-up reports, three-quarters of jurisdictions have exhibited only partial compliance or outright non-compliance with FATF's requirements.

2019 年，金融行动特别工作组 (FATF) 根据建议 15 R.15 采用了虚拟资产 (VA) 和虚拟资产服务提供商 (VASP) 标准。该标准旨在打击与加密货币相关的洗钱和恐怖主义融资活动。然而，这些法规在全球范围内的实施进展缓慢，合规性落后于其他金融部门。根据 FATF 的 98 份相互评估和后续报告，四分之三的司法管辖区仅部分遵守或完全不遵守 FATF 的要求。

India: A Hub for Crypto Adoption and Financial Crimes

印度：加密货币采用和金融犯罪的中心

India has emerged as the world's fastest-growing crypto hub, boasting the largest share of global crypto users. In 2024, India accounted for approximately 269.10 million crypto users, a figure projected to reach 328.80 million by 2028. This growth has propelled India to the forefront of cryptocurrency adoption, according to Chainalysis Global Crypto Adoption Index report (2023).

印度已成为世界上增长最快的加密货币中心，拥有全球最大的加密用户份额。 2024 年，印度的加密货币用户约为 2.691 亿，预计到 2028 年将达到 3.288 亿。根据 Chainaanalysis 全球加密货币采用指数报告（2023 年），这种增长推动印度走在加密货币采用的前列。

However, India's economic landscape is marred by a range of illicit activities, including human trafficking, drug use and smuggling, gold smuggling, and nuclear-related thefts. These crimes often rely on virtual digital assets for settlement and money laundering purposes.

然而，印度的经济格局受到一系列非法活动的破坏，包括人口贩运、吸毒和走私、黄金走私以及与核有关的盗窃。这些犯罪通常依赖虚拟数字资产进行结算和洗钱目的。

Surge in Cryptocurrency Scams: A Peril for Investors

加密货币诈骗激增：投资者面临危险

The lack of regulation in India's cryptocurrency market has fueled a surge in scams that have led to substantial financial losses for internet users. In recent months, countless individuals have fallen prey to fraudulent investment schemes, losing significant sums of money. Scammers have typically targeted victims through social media platforms like WhatsApp or Telegram, luring them with promises of high returns.

印度加密货币市场缺乏监管，导致诈骗活动激增，给互联网用户带来了巨大的经济损失。近几个月来，无数人成为欺诈性投资计划的受害者，损失了大量资金。诈骗者通常通过 WhatsApp 或 Telegram 等社交媒体平台瞄准受害者，并承诺高额回报来引诱他们。

Notable cryptocurrency scams in India include the 2018 GainBitcoin Ponzi scheme orchestrated by Amit Bhardwaj, which defrauded over 8,000 individuals of INR 2,000 crore. The Morris Coin Scam of 2022 swindled over 900 investors with a counterfeit cryptocurrency scheme, amounting to INR 1,200 crore. The Karnataka Bitcoin Scandal of 2021 saw the Central Crime Branch seizing 31 Bitcoins worth INR 9 crore from a Bengaluru-based hacker. Additionally, STA Token deceived over 20,000 individuals and amassed INR 1,000 crore through fraudulent crypto investments.

印度著名的加密货币骗局包括 2018 年由 Amit Bhardwaj 策划的 GainBitcoin 庞氏骗局，该骗局诈骗了 8000 多人，金额达 200 亿印度卢比。 2022 年的莫里斯硬币骗局通过伪造的加密货币计划诈骗了 900 多名投资者，金额达 120 亿印度卢比。 2021 年卡纳塔克邦比特币丑闻中，中央犯罪部门从班加罗尔的一名黑客手中没收了 31 个比特币，价值 9 千万印度卢比。此外，STA Token 还通过欺诈性加密货币投资欺骗了 20,000 多人，并积累了 1,00 亿印度卢比。

Proliferation Financing: A Grave Threat

扩散融资：严重威胁

The largely unregulated nature of India's cryptocurrency environment poses a significant risk of proliferation financing, due to the absence of proper regulations and oversight. This risk includes potential money laundering and financing of illegal arms trade, potentially contributing to the spread of weapons of mass destruction.

由于缺乏适当的监管和监督，印度加密货币环境基本上不受监管，造成了融资扩散的重大风险。这种风险包括潜在的洗钱和非法武器贸易融资，可能导致大规模杀伤性武器的扩散。

It is imperative for countries to promptly inform regulated entities and regulators about any amendments in the United Nations Security Council-designated lists. India has raised concerns regarding its delayed notification of regulated entities about changes in the 1718 committee sanctions list. Moreover, the timely issuance of notifications by regulatory authorities and the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) following amendments in sanction lists remains inadequate.

各国必须及时向受监管实体和监管机构通报联合国安理会指定清单中的任何修改。印度对其延迟向受监管实体通报 1718 委员会制裁名单变化表示担忧。此外，监管机构和金融情报机构（FIU）在制裁名单修改后及时发布通知的力度仍然不够。

Consolidated List: An Essential Tool for Compliance

综合清单：合规的重要工具

The availability of a consolidated list on the website of the FIU and regulatory authorities for name screening and matching by regulated entities is crucial for effective compliance and enforcement measures. This would strengthen India's ability to mitigate the risks associated with proliferation financing and terrorist financing.

金融情报机构和监管机构网站上提供的综合名单可供受监管实体进行姓名筛选和匹配，这对于有效的合规和执法措施至关重要。这将增强印度减轻与扩散融资和恐怖主义融资相关风险的能力。

Conclusion: A Call for Vigilance and Regulation

结论：呼吁警惕和监管

The proliferation of cryptocurrency scams and the inherent risks of proliferation financing underscore the urgent need for robust regulation and oversight of the cryptocurrency sector in India. While cryptocurrencies may offer potential for financial innovation, their unregulated nature poses significant risks to investors and the broader economy.

加密货币诈骗的泛滥和泛滥融资的固有风险凸显出印度迫切需要对加密货币行业进行强有力的监管和监督。虽然加密货币可能提供金融创新的潜力，但其不受监管的性质给投资者和更广泛的经济带来了重大风险。

As India continues to grapple with illicit activities such as human trafficking and drug abuse, cryptocurrencies could exacerbate these problems if not adequately regulated. The government must prioritize the implementation of effective regulatory measures to curb financial fraud, protect investors, and safeguard the integrity of the financial system.

随着印度继续打击人口贩运和药物滥用等非法活动，如果监管不充分，加密货币可能会加剧这些问题。政府必须优先实施有效的监管措施，遏制金融欺诈，保护投资者，维护金融体系的完整性。

It is incumbent upon policymakers, financial institutions, and law enforcement agencies to collaborate in developing a comprehensive regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. This framework should incorporate measures to prevent money laundering, proliferation financing, and other financial crimes associated with these digital assets.

政策制定者、金融机构和执法机构有责任合作制定加密货币的全面监管框架。该框架应纳入防止洗钱、扩散融资以及与这些数字资产相关的其他金融犯罪的措施。

By embracing a proactive approach to regulating cryptocurrencies, India can harness their potential while mitigating the associated risks. This will foster a more robust and transparent financial ecosystem, safeguarding the interests of investors and the nation as a whole.

通过采取积极主动的方法来监管加密货币，印度可以发挥其潜力，同时减轻相关风险。这将培育一个更加健全和透明的金融生态系统，维护投资者和整个国家的利益。