央行正在购买比特币吗？

这是一个非常简单的问题：央行正在购买比特币吗？事实证明，答案比问题要困难得多。

The question of whether central banks are buying bitcoin is a simple one, but the answer is far more complex.

央行是否购买比特币的问题很简单，但答案要复杂得多。

Certainly, the US Federal Reserve hasn’t been buying bitcoin. Nor is it on the balance sheet of any G7 central bank.

当然，美联储并没有购买比特币。它也没有出现在任何七国集团央行的资产负债表上。

Nevertheless, David Bailey of Bitcoin Magazine claimed that smaller central banks were buying the currency. Others also think central bankers are buying, including Michael Arrington.

尽管如此，比特币杂志的大卫·贝利声称较小的央行正在购买这种货币。其他人也认为央行行长正在买入，其中包括迈克尔·阿灵顿(Michael Arrington)。

When thinking about whether central bankers are buying bitcoin, El Salvador might be top-of-mind. Smartly, however, Bailey didn’t claim that El Salvador’s central bank had been buying bitcoin. Although it’s true that Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele has bought the currency using public funds, he’s not a central banker.

当考虑央行行长是否购买比特币时，萨尔瓦多可能是首要考虑的。然而，贝利很聪明地没有声称萨尔瓦多央行一直在购买比特币。尽管萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·布克莱确实使用公共资金购买了该货币，但他不是央行行长。

As Bailey knows, El Salvador’s 5,782 bitcoins aren’t on the balance sheet to back its US dollar-pegged fiat, but rather in its more discretionary, fiscal treasury.

正如贝利所知，萨尔瓦多的 5,782 枚比特币并未出现在资产负债表上以支持其与美元挂钩的法定货币，而是存放在其更具自由裁量权的财政部门。

Instead, Bailey cited an article claiming that Iran’s central bank was buying bitcoin. This is a curious claim, not only because of its tiny size — Iran’s central bank has less than 2% of the assets of the US — but because the US and other major countries have sanctioned the entire country since 1979.

相反，贝利引用了一篇文章，声称伊朗央行正在购买比特币。这是一个奇怪的说法，不仅因为其规模很小——伊朗央行的资产不到美国的 2%——而且因为美国和其他主要国家自 1979 年以来一直在制裁整个国家。

Moreover, Iranian central bankers have warned that buying bitcoin is illegal in the country — with an exception provided to domestically-mined bitcoin.

此外，伊朗央行行长警告说，在该国购买比特币是非法的——但国内开采的比特币除外。

I’ve heard from 1 primary source that central banks are already accumulating btc. It’s not in their interest to publicize it, for the same reason China vastly undercounts gold reserves. This convo below is speculative. But it wouldn’t surprise me if exactly this happens pic.twitter.com/ctucXUMjAz

我从 1 个主要来源得知，各国央行已经在积累比特币。宣传这一点不符合他们的利益，就像中国大幅低估黄金储备的原因一样。下面的这个对话是推测性的。但如果确实发生这种情况，我不会感到惊讶 pic.twitter.com/ctucXUMjAz

Read more: El Salvador leans on Bitfinex for daily bitcoin buy

了解更多：萨尔瓦多依靠 Bitfinex 进行每日比特币购买

Protos was unable to verify Bailey’s claim that the Iranian central bank owns bitcoin. Iran certainly has miners operating in its country, but only a single Decrypt article claims that its central bankers have ever purchased the asset itself. Iran has limited independent media, and its central bank doesn’t list bitcoin on its public filings. Bailey also apparently backpedaled on his claim shortly after making it in a live social audio space.

Protos 无法证实贝利关于伊朗央行拥有比特币的说法。伊朗当然有矿商在其国内运营，但只有一篇 Decrypt 文章声称其央行官员本身购买过该资产。伊朗的独立媒体有限，其央行也没有在其公开文件中列出比特币。贝利在现场社交音频空间发表声明后不久，显然也改变了自己的主张。

Another commentator with a dubious track record said Bhutan’s central bank was buying bitcoin and “confirmed this to me on Tuesday.” Indeed, Bhutan has operated a state-owned bitcoin mine that’s connected to Jihan Wu of Bitdeer.

另一位有着可疑记录的评论员表示，不丹央行正在购买比特币，并“周二向我证实了这一点”。事实上，不丹运营着一家国有比特币矿场，该矿场与 Bitdeer 的吴忌寒有联系。

However, it is unclear whether Bhutanese central bankers have ever purchased bitcoin.

然而，尚不清楚不丹央行行长是否曾经购买过比特币。

Government possession versus central bank purchase

政府拥有与央行购买

The question of whether central banks are buying bitcoin is far more specific than whether governments possess bitcoin. Even the US government possesses bitcoin with US Marshalls holding thousands of coins confiscated from the Silk Road and other criminal legal proceedings.

央行是否购买比特币的问题比政府是否拥有比特币要具体得多。甚至美国政府也拥有比特币，美国法警持有从丝绸之路和其他刑事法律诉讼中没收的数千枚比特币。

However, neither the Federal Reserve or any major central bank has purchased or holds bitcoin.

然而，美联储或任何主要央行都没有购买或持有比特币。

Other sovereign names surface when speculating about central bank bitcoin holdings. Suriname, Central African Republic, Venezuela, Kazakhstan, St. Kitts and Nevis, Belarus, and Estonia are common speculations.

在猜测央行持有比特币时，还会出现其他主权国家的名称。苏里南、中非共和国、委内瑞拉、哈萨克斯坦、圣基茨和尼维斯、白俄罗斯和爱沙尼亚是常见的猜测。

In the end, however, there’s little evidence that any central bank — independent of other government agencies like fiscal authorities — actually owns bitcoin itself.

然而，最终几乎没有证据表明任何中央银行——独立于财政当局等其他政府机构——实际上拥有比特币本身。

Maybe not bitcoin, but plenty of altcoins

也许不是比特币，但有很多山寨币

Away from bitcoin, there are many central banks that own stablecoins and other crypto assets. Instead of purchasing the world’s leading crypto asset, several sovereigns have leap-frogged right into altcoins, using various blockchains to issue tokens like the Chinese e-CNY, Nigerian e-Naira, Zimbabwan ZiG, Jamaican JAM-DEX, or Bahamian Sand Dollar.

除了比特币之外，还有许多央行拥有稳定币和其他加密资产。一些主权国家没有购买世界领先的加密资产，而是直接进入山寨币领域，使用各种区块链发行代币，例如中国的 e-CNY、尼日利亚的 e-Naira、津巴布韦的 ZiG、牙买加的 JAM-DEX 或巴哈马的 Sand Dollar。

Because many central bank digital currencies (CBDC) are direct liabilities of the central bank, a percentage of the total supply of these digital assets is truly on the balance sheet of these central banks.

由于许多央行数字货币（CBDC）是央行的直接负债，这些数字资产总供应量的一定比例真正出现在这些央行的资产负债表上。

However, these assets aren’t bitcoin.

然而，这些资产不是比特币。

So yes, in summary, central banks certainly own crypto assets. There are government agencies that have bought or mined bitcoin. However, it’s not clear that any central banker has ever purchased bitcoin to hold on their balance sheet.

所以，是的，总而言之，央行当然拥有加密资产。有些政府机构已经购买或开采了比特币。然而，目前尚不清楚是否有任何央行行长购买过比特币来持有其资产负债表。

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