BitVM 的比特币扩容梦想遇到障碍

BitVM 是一种拟议的比特币扩容解决方案，尽管它承诺将 BTC 与其他区块链连接起来，但它可能存在固有的局限性。开发商对“乐观报销”模式表示担忧，该模式要求桥梁运营商提前支付提款费用，如果运营商缺乏流动性，可能会使用户资金变得脆弱。批评者认为 BitVM 桥在经济上不稳定，而支持者则反驳说，风险缓解策略是可行的。这场辩论凸显了比特币桥接解决方案的潜在复杂性和局限性。

BitVM's Scaling Promise for Bitcoin Faces Limitations and Security Concerns

BitVM 对比特币扩容的承诺面临限制和安全问题

Introduction

介绍

BitVM, hailed as a groundbreaking innovation for scaling Bitcoin, has come under scrutiny from developers, raising concerns about its limitations and potential security vulnerabilities. The technology, once touted as a solution to bridge BTC to other blockchains and unlock a world of decentralized applications, faces challenges that may hinder its widespread adoption.

BitVM 被誉为扩展比特币规模的突破性创新，但已受到开发人员的密切关注，引发了对其局限性和潜在安全漏洞的担忧。这项技术曾被吹捧为将 BTC 与其他区块链连接起来并开启去中心化应用世界的解决方案，但现在面临着可能阻碍其广泛采用的挑战。

The Promise of BitVM

BitVM 的承诺

Introduced in October 2023, BitVM was presented as a "computing paradigm" that enabled the execution of smart contracts on the Bitcoin network. This advancement promised to enhance the functionality of BTC, allowing for applications such as privacy-enhancing solutions, scalability improvements, and decentralized apps (dApps) that are currently exclusive to other blockchain platforms.

BitVM 于 2023 年 10 月推出，被视为一种“计算范式”，可以在比特币网络上执行智能合约。这一进步有望增强 BTC 的功能，允许诸如隐私增强解决方案、可扩展性改进和目前其他区块链平台独有的去中心化应用程序 (dApp) 等应用程序。

The Key Limitation: Economic Instability

主要限制：经济不稳定

However, critics argue that BitVM bridges introduce a critical limitation that undermines the technology's stability. According to Bitcoin developer Tyler Whittle, these bridges are inherently "economically unstable."

然而，批评者认为 BitVM 桥引入了一个严重的限制，破坏了该技术的稳定性。根据比特币开发商 Tyler Whittle 的说法，这些桥梁本质上是“经济不稳定的”。

BitVM bridges employ an "optimistic reimbursement" mechanism, unlike traditional bridge designs where users deposit funds into an escrow managed by a bridge operator. In this system, a bridge operator must demonstrate that it has fulfilled all withdrawal requests from users before unlocking the BTC deposited into the actual bridge. This means that operators must essentially front withdrawal payments with their own liquidity.

BitVM 桥采用“乐观报销”机制，与传统桥设计不同，传统桥设计中用户将资金存入由桥运营商管理的托管机构。在该系统中，桥运营商必须证明其已满足用户的所有提款请求，然后才能解锁存入实际桥的 BTC。这意味着运营商本质上必须用自己的流动性来支付提款。

The risk arises when an operator lacks the liquidity to process all pending withdrawal requests. In such scenarios, user funds could be jeopardized, and users may only receive partial reimbursements on the Bitcoin main chain.

当运营商缺乏流动性来处理所有待处理的提款请求时，就会出现风险。在这种情况下，用户资金可能会受到损害，用户可能只能在比特币主链上获得部分补偿。

Skepticism and Criticism

怀疑与批评

Eric Wall, co-founder of Taproot Wizards, initially promoted BitVM bridges but later expressed skepticism after learning about this limitation. Wall's inquiries in a BitVM builders chat were met with a ban from the group, further fueling concerns about the technology's transparency and accountability.

Taproot Wizards 的联合创始人 Eric Wall 最初推广 BitVM 桥，但后来在了解这一限制后表示怀疑。 Wall 在 BitVM 构建者聊天中提出的询问遭到了该组织的禁令，进一步加剧了人们对该技术透明度和问责制的担忧。

Proponents' Rebuttal: Risk Mitigation Strategies

支持者的反驳：风险缓解策略

Despite the criticism, BitVM proponents maintain that the economic instability issue can be mitigated through risk management strategies. Edan Yago, a developer working on a BitVM-based Bitcoin rollup system, acknowledges the criticism but argues that it is "exaggerated."

尽管受到批评，BitVM 支持者仍然认为，可以通过风险管理策略来缓解经济不稳定问题。 Edan Yago 是一名开发基于 BitVM 的比特币汇总系统的开发人员，他承认这些批评，但认为这种批评“言过其实”。

Yago suggests that bridge models can impose limits on the amount of Bitcoin that can be withdrawn at once, aligning with the liquidity constraints of bridge operators. To address potential bottlenecks during high-volume withdrawal periods, the number of operators or operator sets managing the bridge can be increased.

Yago 建议桥接模型可以对可立即提取的比特币数量施加限制，以符合桥接运营商的流动性限制。为了解决大量提款期间的潜在瓶颈，可以增加管理桥梁的操作员或操作员组的数量。

Creator's Frustration: Accusations of Bad Faith

创作者的挫败：恶意指控

BitVM creator Robin Linus expressed frustration with the criticism, accusing Wall and other critics of making "sensational" and "unfair" attacks on the technology. Linus claims that these assertions are made in bad faith and without a proper understanding of BitVM.

BitVM 创始人罗宾·莱纳斯 (Robin Linus) 对这些批评表示失望，指责沃尔和其他批评者对该技术进行了“耸人听闻”和“不公平”的攻击。 Linus 声称这些断言是恶意做出的，并且没有正确理解 BitVM。

Comparison to Sidechains

与侧链的比较

Traditional bridged versions of BTC, such as Liquid (LBTC) and Rootstock (RBTC), are backed by coins controlled by a custodian or federation within a multi-signature wallet. While this model introduces the risk of collusion and theft, it also eliminates the security issues that could arise from a poorly designed BitVM chain where all users attempt to withdraw funds simultaneously.

传统的 BTC 桥接版本，例如 Liquid (LBTC) 和 Rootstock (RBTC)，由多重签名钱包内的托管人或联盟控制的代币支持。虽然这种模式引入了共谋和盗窃的风险，但它也消除了设计不当的 BitVM 链（所有用户都试图同时提取资金）可能引起的安全问题。

Conclusion

结论

BitVM's potential to revolutionize Bitcoin's scalability and functionality is undeniable. However, the technology's economic instability and security limitations must be carefully considered before it can be widely adopted. As developers and critics continue to debate the merits and flaws of BitVM, it remains to be seen whether the platform can overcome these challenges and deliver on its promise of bridging BTC to the broader blockchain ecosystem.

BitVM 彻底改变比特币可扩展性和功能的潜力是不可否认的。然而，在广泛采用该技术之前，必须仔细考虑其经济不稳定和安全限制。随着开发者和评论家继续争论 BitVM 的优点和缺陷，该平台是否能够克服这些挑战并兑现将 BTC 连接到更广泛的区块链生态系统的承诺还有待观察。